Bustamante Engineering Blog

Your Guide to Structural Inspections

Fri, 01 Aug 2025 17:15:00 GMT

When to Call in the Pros for a Structural Inspection

Think of your home like a body. Solid bones keep everything standing strong. That’s exactly what a structural inspection is all about: checking the bones of your home to make sure they are holding up and are structurally sound.

What Is a Structural Inspection, Really?

A structural inspection is a close visual examination performed by a licensed engineer. Their mission? To assess the health of your home’s load-bearing components, such as the foundation, joists, trusses, columns, beams, and more.

This kind of inspection is often mistaken for a general home inspection, but there are key differences between the two. General home inspections provide a big picture analysis of the home’s condition, focusing on systems such as HVAC, plumbing, roofing, and the like. If a home inspector spots suspicious cracks or sagging floors, they’ll suggest you bring in a structural engineer for a deeper dive. That’s where the pros, like BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS come in; only a licensed engineer is qualified to make the call about whether your home is structurally sound.

When Should You Consider a Structural Inspection?

Here are some common situations when it’s a smart move:

Buying a Home : If you are buying a home, you probably want to have a general home inspection performed to get a complete overview of the home’s condition. If a home inspector flags anything structurally concerning, then it’s time to bring in a structural engineer to evaluate and save you from costly surprises down the road. If serious issues are found, you can choose to walk away from the purchase or negotiate the price to accommodate for repairs.

Settlement & Structural Movement : A properly built home should not exhibit any settlement beyond a few small cracks. With that being said, very old homes may creak and lean with charm, simply because structural components were not designed for deflection the way they are today. If there is any concern, it is a good idea to contact a structural engineer.
When Structural Movement is a Concern:

- Your new build is already showing signs of settling.

- Your older home is exhibiting signs of recent settlement.

- If you recently remodeled or installed additional weight and something just feels…off.

Foundation Movement, Bowing or Cracked Walls, & Sloping Floors: Small cracks are typically not an issue when it comes to foundations. However, if you are seeing horizontal, vertical, or step cracks ¼” or larger in size, bowing foundation walls, or movement of any kind, don’t wait. Those are clear signs that the structural integrity of the home may be at risk.

Storm Damage: Heavy winds and floods don’t just rattle windows; they can compromise the bones of your home. If you believe your home has been damaged by a storm, you might want to consider getting an evaluation from a structural engineer.
Heat Loss Issues Resulting in Ice Dams: Poor insulation isn’t just about chilly rooms and high energy bills. It can also lead to the formation of ice dams. A structural inspection can help to determine where the heat loss is occurring and the best way to permanently fix the problem.

Drainage Issues on a Property: Water drainage issues can wreak havoc on a home’s foundation, cause expensive interior and exterior damage, and create ponding water that can lead to icy conditions. A structural inspection may help you pinpoint where the issues originated and how to implement proper mitigation that will preserve your home’s integrity.

So, You Had a Structural Inspection Done. Now What?

After a structural engineer from BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS has inspected your home, you will receive a comprehensive written report with both a summary and photos of our findings. The report will state whether the structural components evaluated are in good, fair, or poor condition, and will provide expert recommendations for any necessary repairs.

From there, you can take those recommendations to a contractor to perform the repairs. And if our engineers find that a structural component needs redesigning, we will flag that in the report. We are happy to provide engineering design plans as a separate service.

Ready to Book an Inspection?

If your home is showing signs of stress, or you just want peace of mind, BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS Inc is here to help! Click to contact us online or call 215-340-6990 today and minimize the potential for unpleasant surprises in the future!

Understanding Deck Safety & Common Building Code Violations

Wed, 28 May 2025 17:46:00 GMT

Five Things to Look for When Inspecting an Existing Deck

It is recommended to inspect your deck annually to identify any issues that need attention. Ideally, the inspection should take place before the time you use your deck the most. To assess the deck’s overall safety and compliance with building codes, focus on the five key areas listed below. Use this checklist to ensure a thorough evaluation.

Improper Connections: Connections that fail to meet PA current code requirements can undermine the structural integrity of the deck. Toenailing—attaching wood members using angled nails—is often inadequate. All connectors should be properly installed using the correct type and number of fasteners.
Loose Connections: Over time, essential connections may deteriorate. Signs such as wobbly railings, loose stairs, or ledgers separating from the adjoining structure indicate potential safety risks that should be addressed promptly.
Corrosion: Metal connectors and fasteners are vulnerable to corrosion, particularly if originally installed with inadequate protective coatings.
Wood Decay: Prolonged exposure to moisture can cause wood to decay, weakening structural members and impairing their ability to support loads as intended.
Splitting: Aging wood often develops splits or cracks. Extensive or deep splitting can compromise the strength and reliability of deck framing components.

The Importance of Deck Safety and a Continuous Load Path

Just like your home, your deck should be constructed using a continuous load path. This engineering principle ensures that all loads—such as weight, wind, or seismic forces—are effectively transferred from the point of impact down through the structure and into the foundation. A properly built continuous load path connects all structural components so that vertical (gravity), lateral (horizontal), and uplift forces are safely distributed. For example, the vertical load path carries the weight of the deck and everything on it through the framing, to the foundation or supporting structure (often the house), and ultimately to the ground. Decks built with a continuous load path are more resilient to everyday use and environmental forces like wind, snow, and earthquakes.

Common Building Code Violations

The best way to prevent building code violations is to have your deck inspected annually by experienced professionals. The following are some of the most common building violations:

Proper Fastening of the Ledger to the House: The IRC and IBC codes prohibit the use of toenails or nails susceptible to withdrawal when attaching the ledger. Despite these guidelines, deck failures still occur due to improper fasteners.
Proper Fastening of Guard Posts to the Deck: According to IRC and IBC codes, guard posts must be designed to resist a 200 lb. horizontal load applied at the top. This creates significant leverage forces at the connection between the guard post and the deck framing, requiring secure and reliable fastening.
Post-Base Connections: IRC and IBC codes mandate that posts be properly secured to prevent lateral movement at the base. This is critical because any displacement at the base can compromise the deck’s ability to safely support its load.
Openings in Guards & Stair Railings: The IRC and IBC codes set limits on the size of openings in guardrails and stair railings to prevent tripping hazards and to protect small children from potential falls. These restrictions are designed to ensure safety on the deck.
Lateral Load Solutions: The IRC and IBC codes require decks to be designed to handle both vertical and lateral loads. Deck failures can occur when lateral movement—often caused by people walking on the deck—leads to the deck pulling away from the main structure, potentially causing collapse.
Diagonal Bracing: While not specifically addressed in the IRC and IBC codes, many local jurisdictions mandate diagonal bracing for decks over a certain height or those not sufficiently supported by an adjacent structure (e.g., a home). Diagonal bracing helps provide essential resistance to lateral forces from occupant movement, seismic events, or high winds.

What To Do If Your Deck Fails Safety Inspection

If your deck fails inspection, the township code enforcer will issue a report outlining the necessary repairs. In such cases, it is advisable to contact the experts at BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS . With our in-depth knowledge of the current building codes (2018 IRC and IBC), we can provide optimal solutions to address any deficiencies. We can also connect you with contractors who are qualified to perform the required structural repairs. Click to contact us and schedule your spring deck inspection today!

Please Note: Images in the above article were sourced from Simpson Strong Tie ...

Preventing Ice Dams on Your Roof: A Winter Guide

Tue, 18 Feb 2025 21:12:00 GMT

Ice Dams Are Typically Caused by a Winter Heat Loss Problem

Winter can be a beautiful season, but it also brings challenges for homeowners, particularly when it comes to ice dams on roofs. Ice dams can cause significant damage to your home if not properly managed. In this guide, we will explore what ice dams are, why they form, and how you can prevent them in order to protect your home.

What Are Ice Dams?

Ice dams are ridges of ice that form at the edge of a roof, preventing melted snow from properly draining off. This trapped water can seep under shingles and into your home, leading to leaks, mold growth, and structural damage.

Why Do Ice Dams Form?

Ice dams form when heat from your home escapes through the roof, causing snow to melt. As the melted snow flows down the roof, it reaches the colder eaves and refreezes, forming a dam. Over time, this ice buildup prevents further runoff, causing water to pool and potentially leak into your home.

How to Prevent Ice Dams

Preventing ice dams involves addressing heat loss via air leakage through the ceiling and proper water drainage. Here are some effective strategies:

Seal Air Leaks - They are a prime source of heat loss that should be investigated first. Seal any gaps, cracks, or openings around chimneys, pipes, and attic hatches that may allow warm air to escape into the attic. Using caulk or weatherstripping can help minimize heat loss.
Ensure Adequate Ventilation - Good ventilation allows cold air to circulate in the attic, preventing warm spots that contribute to ice dam formation. Ridge vents, soffit vents, and gable vents can help regulate temperature effectively.
Improve Attic Insulation - Proper insulation in your attic helps maintain a consistent roof temperature, preventing uneven snowmelt. Focus on insulating the attic floor to keep heat from escaping into the roof space.
Keep Gutters Clean - Clogged gutters can trap snow and ice, exacerbating ice dam formation. Regularly clean your gutters and downspouts to ensure proper drainage and water flow.
Use a Roof Rake - After heavy snowfall, use a roof rake to remove excess snow from your roof. This reduces the chance of snow melting and refreezing at the eaves.

What to Do If You Have an Ice Dam...

If you already have an ice dam forming, take these steps:

Safely remove snow using a roof rake to minimize additional buildup.
Melt ice with calcium chloride. Avoid rock salt, which can damage shingles and vegetation.
Contact the professional at BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS if damage occurs to take the proper steps and prevent future occurrences.

Preserve Your Roof Performance with Building Envelope Consultant Services

By taking proactive measures to prevent ice dams, you can protect your home from costly water damage and maintain a safer living environment during the winter months. A well-insulated, well-ventilated roof will keep your home comfortable and ice-free all season long.

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS Inc. qualified building envelope consultants provides their knowledge, experience, and understanding, as well as proper design and construction practices related to the exterior systems of your home. This is valuable information for any homeowner and can result in savings related to building performance throughout the life of the structure. Click to contact us online or call 215-340-6990 today and minimize the potential for unpleasant surprises in the future!

Understanding Wall Cracks In Your Home

Thu, 07 Nov 2024 18:09:00 GMT

When a Structural Engineer Is Needed to Assess Structural Damage

Cracks in walls can be a confusing sight for homeowners, as they may wonder if the cracks are harmless or indicative of structural problems. The key to proper repair and prevention lies in understanding what type of crack it is and its cause. Not all wall cracks should raise equal levels of concern. Whether hairline or larger, vertical or diagonal, each crack tells a unique story about the state of your house’s structure and the external factors affecting it.

Signs of Settling

Cracks that occur because of the house settling are common in both new and old homes. These vertical hairline cracks, typically measuring 1/16 inch wide and between 2-6 inches long, can be found on walls or foundations. While they may seem harmless at first glance, an abrupt increase in size or length could potentially point toward a more serious problem. If there is a noticeable increase in the size of the crack(s) surpassing the width of 1/4 inch, it is important to contact a qualified structural engineer who can assess the severity of the damage and provide expert guidance on how best to deal with it.

Diagnosing Larger Cracks

Larger cracks, caused by significant structural movements, should be given immediate attention. Cracks that are diagonal or resemble stairs, as well as those around door frames and windows, could indicate significant structural concerns. Large ceiling-to-wall cracks with accompanying sagging may also suggest serious underlying damage to the structure. These cracks may indicate problems such as foundation shifts, water damage or even underground leaks. It is crucial to address these issues promptly once they are noticed to avoid exacerbating the situation.

Deciphering Directional Cracks

Cracks can give clues about their origin. For example, vertical cracks on walls may be caused by inadequate drywall taping or natural settling. On the other hand, horizontal cracks could signal more serious problems like foundation bowing, water leaks, and uneven settlement. When it comes to diagonal cracks, they may indicate issues with a building’s structure such as foundation movement or damage in the roof or upper levels. These types of cracks require a professional assessment to determine the root cause and necessary solutions.

Evaluating Exterior Walls Cracks

It is also important not to ignore cracks on the exterior walls of your home. These cracks can be an indication of potential problems with the foundation or water damage and should be taken seriously. Prompt attention should also be given if you observe indications like warping externally around the walls, visible bending or discoloration along with mold spots and musty smells. This may point towards possible underlying structural issues related to moisture penetration within your dwelling’s foundations.

When to Call a Structural Engineer

When large cracks appear suddenly or run vertically or horizontally along a wall, it may be time to bring in BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS Inc . Our structural engineers have the expertise to evaluate the overall condition of your house and determine if any underlying structural issues are causing these significant wall cracks. Ignoring them can result in serious consequences such as extensive property damage, compromised foundations, and even the collapse of the building structure itself.

Wall cracks can be benign or a red flag for your property’s health. Knowing the different types of cracks, their underlying causes, and how to handle them is vital for ensuring your home’s structural soundness . BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS will assist you in identifying what your wall cracks mean and the appropriate next steps to ensure the safety and integrity of your home. Please click to contact us or call 215-340-6990 to discuss the wall cracks in your home today!

Bustamante Engineers Case Study: Goshen Commons Paving Project

Fri, 20 Sep 2024 19:36:00 GMT

Goshen Commons Paving Project

The BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS project we are highlighting this month involved the asphalt milling and overlay of all internal roadways and parking areas within the residential condominium community, pavement line striping, inlet top replacement, curbing and flatwork replacements, downspout tie-ins to stormwater roadway inlets, and the installation of concrete dumpster pads.

Downspout Tie-in

The internal building downspouts were outletting along the curbline of the parking areas located in front of the condominium buildings. This was considered a safety concern because it allowed water to pond on the pavement surface and could lead to freezing and icy conditions in the winter months.

Stormwater System Tie-in

We decided the best course of action was to tie these downspouts into the internal roadway stormwater system to avoid stormwater runoff on the surface of the roads.

Dumpster Pad

There was a total of seven concrete dumpster pads installed throughout the community. Two of the dumpster pads were extended to allow for the dump trucks to have access for removal. Control joints were placed in the concrete sections to account for the freeze/thaw cycle and to avoid major concrete cracking.

Curbing, Sidewalk & Inlet Top Replacements

Prior to construction, the contractor and engineer completed a walkthrough inspection to mark out locations where concrete replacements were necessary. This included concrete curbing, sidewalks, and stormwater inlet tops. These replacements should be completed prior to paving the new pavement surface to avoid heavy machinery driving on the new pavement surface.

Milling of Pavement

Once all of the downspout tie ins and concrete replacement work was completed, the milling of the pavement surface was ready to begin. The milling of the roadway consisted of removing the surface course layer of pavement which consisted of 2” of asphalt.

Full Depth Restoration

After the roadways were milled, an inspection was completed to determine locations of poor base locations of the pavement. Typical signs of base failure include large cracks, and areas of settlement. These locations were saw cut and the pavement was removed down to the base layer of stone. Then the stone was compacted thoroughly, more stone was added if necessary. The binder course layer of pavement is paved prior to the surface course being applied.

Overlay

Once all of the full depth restoration locations have been addressed. The roadways are ready to be paved. The surface course layer of pavement consists of 2” of 9.5mm HMA Superpave. Once the pavement is placed, rollers and hand tampers are used to compact the asphalt that is placed.

All the Community Association Engineering Services You Need

Upon completion of the paving, one final punch out inspection is completed to determine any areas that need to be addressed prior to final payment authorization. The Engineer presents a final punch out report to the Contractor with the location of concern and direction for remediation. Once all punch items have been addressed the engineer presents a close out and a final payment review letter to the owner stating that the Contractor successfully completed the scope of work agreed upon in the contract and all payment applications are approved for payment.

Your Community Is Our Business

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS Inc begins every proposal or study with a thorough visit to your community. During our visit, we want to meet the key members of your community so we can best understand questions and concerns. We appreciate the subtleties of Community Associations and recognize the importance of personal contact and local knowledge. Our commitment is ongoing from the early planning stages through to maintenance and future improvements. If you, your community, or someone you know is looking to complete a project, please click to contact us or call 215-340-6990 today.

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS Case Study - Culvert Replacement Project

Tue, 20 Aug 2024 16:22:00 GMT

Culvert Replacement Project Made Possible with Assistance from PENNVEST

In the 1980’s and 90’s, many housing and commercial development stormwater management systems were built composed of corrugated metal pipes called CMP. These pipes are galvanized and range in sizes and configurations. The issue with utilizing galvanized metal pipes for stormwater systems is the runoff collected in these pipes usually contains deicing salts used for deterring ice accumulation on the roads. When the salt combines with the water runoff, de-galvanization occurs ultimately rusting the metal of the pipe. This typically affects the bottom of the pipe which provides the most structural support to the soil and anything that may be above it. So if the bottom of the pipe is gone, the pipe could fail and be susceptible to collapsing (click on detailed images below).

The BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS Inc. project that we are highlighting this month is CMP pipes that deteriorated and caused a portion of the pipe to collapse, and the necessary funding to complete the project. These four pipes were initially installed to allow for an existing creek to continue flowing underneath a roadway. The replacement of the pipes was the responsibility of a Homeowners Association. The project was pertinent as one of the four had already collapsed and the remainder of the pipes were in a similar disrepair. The cost of replacing the 400 linear feet of pipe was a significant undertaking but made possible with the assistance in the form of a loan received from Pennsylvania Infrastructure Investment Authority (PENNVEST).

What is PENNVEST?

PENNVEST provides low-interest loans and grants for new construction or for improvements to publicly or privately-owned driving water, stormwater or sewage treatment facilities, as well as non-point source pollution prevention best management practices. PENNVEST also provides loan funding to remediate brownfield sites, as well as loan funding to individual homeowners for repair or replacement of their malfunctioning on-lot septic system or first-time connection to a public sewer collection system. Their Advance funding Program provides low-interest loans to provide funding for the design and engineering needed to improve water and wastewater management systems.

Any municipality, authority, or private entity that is an owner and/or operator of a drinking water, wastewater, or non-point source pollution prevention project is eligible for funding. To confirm that you are eligible for assistance, visit the PENNVEST website at https://www.pa.gov/en/agencies/pennvest.html to schedule a Planning Consultation Meeting . This meeting will review the steps necessary to apply for a loan and highlight the steps and qualifications needed to obtain one.

Key Items Required for the PENNVEST Application Process

Engineered plans for the proposed work
Oversight of the project
Permits from governing entities
An attorney to draft certain documents

For the application, you will need assistance from a professional engineer to draft plans and submit permits to the governing entities (local, county, and/or state) required to complete the work. For this project, general permits from the state and a grading permit from the local municipality were required. These permits can be obtained in tandem with the application process, but it is recommended that they are obtained prior to or near the beginning of the application process.

Protect the Your Investment & the Environment

This was an effective project due to the appropriate funding from PENNVEST and by proactively obtaining approvals from the PADEP (Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection) and the local municipality by BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS. The project has been completed to all party’s satisfaction and the final product will be a lasting solution for the community.

Overall, stormwater management systems are needed to protect the environment and prevent downstream flooding, but without proper maintenance, they can be a liability risk. You can mitigate this risk by contacting BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS to perform inspections at least two times per year and after intense storms. If you, your community, or someone you know is looking to complete a stormwater management project, with or without the need of assistance from PENNVEST, please click to contact us or call 215-340-6990 today.

The Important Role of an Engineer in a Residential Renovation

Mon, 10 Jun 2024 18:42:00 GMT

Planning a Project from Initial Site Analysis to Final Inspection

Residential renovations can be a transformative process, turning an outdated or inefficient space into a modern, functional, and aesthetically pleasing home. While homeowners may focus on the design and decor, the backbone of any successful renovation lies in the structural integrity and functionality of the project. In this article, we will explore the vital role that Civil and Structural Engineers play in planning and executing residential renovations.

Comprehensive Site Evaluation

One of the first and most crucial steps in a residential renovation is a thorough site analysis. Civil Engineers are responsible for evaluating the existing condition of the property, which includes:

Structural Assessment: Examining the current structure to identify any weaknesses or potential issues that could impact the renovation. This includes inspecting foundations, load-bearing walls, and overall structural integrity.
Soil & Foundation Evaluation: Ensuring that the soil and foundation can handle any additional loads or structural changes proposed in the renovation.
Stormwater Management Evaluation: Assessing basic compliance with permit requirements, determining the effects of flooding, and preserving the health and vitality of the environment.

Structural Design & Planning for Safety & Compliance

Safety and regulatory compliance are paramount in any renovation project. Engineers ensure that the renovation plan adheres to all local building codes and safety standards. They work closely with architects and designers to ensure that the proposed changes are not only aesthetically pleasing but also structurally sound:

Building Codes, Permits & Approvals: Interpreting and applying local building codes to the renovation project, ensuring that all work meets legal requirements. Navigating the permitting process by preparing and submitting necessary documentation to obtain building permits and zoning approvals.
S afety Standards & Load Calculations: Designing renovations that prioritize the safety of both workers during construction and residents after completion. Calculating the loads and stresses the new design will impose on the existing structure and ensuring that it can support these changes.
In tegration with Existing Structure: Designing ways to seamlessly integrate new additions or modifications with the existing structure, ensuring continuity, and stability. Including advising on the best materials to use considering factors like strength, durability, and cost.

Project Management & Post-Renovation Support

Effective project management is essential for keeping a renovation on schedule and within budget. Civil Engineers often take on significant project management responsibilities. And their role does not end when the construction is complete. Engineers also provide valuable post-renovation support to ensure the longevity and performance of the renovated structure.

Scheduling & Coordination: Creating detailed project schedules and coordinating with contractors, subcontractors, and other professionals to ensure that all aspects of the renovation proceed smoothly.
Quality Control & Problem-Solving: Conducting regular site inspections to ensure that the work meets design specifications and quality standards. Addressing any issues that arise during construction, from unforeseen structural problems to material shortages, to finding practical solutions to keep on track.
Final Inspections & Maintenance: Conducting a thorough final inspection to ensure that all work has been completed to a high standard and meets all regulatory requirements. Providing homeowners with maintenance plans and guidance to help keep newly renovated homes in excellent condition.

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS – Your Choice for Structural Residential Renovation Engineers

From the initial site analysis to the final inspection, professional engineers ensure that every aspect of the renovation is structurally sound, safe, and compliant with all relevant regulations. Engineers also contribute to modern energy efficiency goals by designing systems and structures that reduce environmental impact and enhance energy efficiency. Their role is not only about ensuring the technical aspects of the renovation but also about providing peace of mind to homeowners, knowing that their home is in capable hands.

The expertise of civil and structural engineers is indispensable in planning and implementing successful residential renovations . At BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS , we approach each and every situation in a particular manner, bringing forth many decades of engineering experience to assist the homeowner. With our detailed knowledge and problem-solving skills, we are your essential partners in transforming your home and enhancing value and functionality. Please click to contact us or call 215-340-6990 to see how we can help you navigate the residential renovation process…

Why Stormwater Management Is Essential in Suburban Areas

Thu, 02 May 2024 16:31:00 GMT

Importance of Regular Stormwater Management Facilities Inspections

When natural, undisturbed earth is developed, much of the space is converted to impervious surface. Any impervious surface, including items such as roads, roofs, or sidewalks, does not allow water and snow to drain into the soil and thus increases the amount of stormwater runoff. Common practice is to prevent the stormwater runoff from traveling off the developed site, making detention or retention basins necessary. Regular inspections of stormwater management facilities are crucial for ensuring that these systems continue to function effectively and efficiently.

Why Stormwater Management Is Particularly Important in Suburban Areas

Stormwater management refers to the practice of managing the runoff of rainwater and melted snow from streets, lawns, driveways, and other sites to improve water quality and reduce the volume and speed of runoff. Any new residential or commercial development is required to promote groundwater infiltration in addition to restricting the rate of stormwater to pre-development conditions.

FLOODING CONTROL: With many impervious surfaces such as roads, driveways, and rooftops, water is not allowed to infiltrate into the ground naturally. This can often result in flooding. Controlling the flow and distribution of stormwater reduces the incidence and severity of floods.
POLLUTION REDUCTION: Stormwater can pick up pollutants like oil, pesticides, sediments, heavy metals, and other contaminants as it flows over surfaces. This polluted runoff will end up in local waterways, affecting water quality and harming aquatic life.
EROSION CONTROL: The increased flow of stormwater can lead to significant erosion of land where natural vegetation has been removed. Management systems help slow down runoff and allow it to be absorbed into the ground, reducing erosion.
WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: Techniques like biofiltration, wetlands, and retention basins can remove contaminants and improve water quality before it discharges into larger bodies of water.

Benefits of Minimizing Downstream Stormwater Impact from Residential & Commercial Development

Instead of just retention and detention basins, there is increased interest in bio retention, rain gardens, and infiltration berms. Regular evaluations ensure that these facilities not only continue to perform their intended function but also adapt to evolving environmental conditions.

MAINTAINING FUNCTIONALITY: Over time, stormwater management facilities can become less effective due to sediment build-up, vegetation overgrowth, blockage by debris, or structural damage. Regular inspections help identify these issues so that necessary maintenance can be performed to keep the system functioning as designed. This will prevent the system from becoming overwhelmed during severe weather events.
COST SAVINGS: By addressing problems early, regular inspections can lead to significant cost savings as minor issues can be resolved easily and inexpensively. Conversely, neglected facilities might require costly repairs or even complete replacements if problems are allowed to escalate.
REGULATORY COMPLIANCE: Suburban areas must comply with local, state, or federal regulations to manage stormwater to certain standards. Regular inspections help ensure that facilities are compliant with these laws, helping to avoid fines and legal issues.
EXTENDING LIFESPAN OF INFRASTRUCTURE: Regular maintenance, guided by thorough inspections, can significantly extend the lifespan of stormwater management facilities. Evaluations reduce the need for major overhauls, promoting a more sustainable approach.
ADAPTATION TO CHANGES: As suburban areas grow and climates change, the dynamics of stormwater runoff also change. Inspections can also provide data useful for adapting stormwater management practices to these changes in environmental conditions or development.

Protect the Environment with Regular Inspections by BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS, Inc.

Overall, current integrated approaches to stormwater management not only effectively control the threat but also contribute to the sustainability and livability of suburban communities. While stormwater facilities are needed to protect the environment and prevent downstream flooding, without proper maintenance they can be a liability risk. You can mitigate this risk by scheduling evaluations with a professional engineer at least two times per year and/or after intense storms.

Most communities need a stormwater facility maintenance expert like BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS , who can inspect all aspects of the system and make recommendations for proper maintenance and repairs when required. If you’re not conducting annual stormwater evaluations as part of your overall stormwater management plan, start now. Having a management plan that includes annual stormwater inspections will provide the valuable information needed to put together long-term maintenance budgets. Our experienced stormwater management engineers are standing by ready to assist. Click to contact us online or call 215-394-6990 today…

Navigating Residential Construction Permits

Mon, 25 Mar 2024 18:23:00 GMT

A Guide to Understanding the Permitting Process for Homeowners

Embarking on a home renovation or construction project can be an exciting journey, transforming your living space into the home of your dreams. However, before the first nail is hammered or the first tile laid, there's an important step that often bewilders many homeowners: obtaining the necessary construction permits. Understanding the permitting process is crucial to ensuring your project proceeds smoothly, without legal hiccups or delays. This guide aims to demystify the world of residential construction permits for homeowners, offering a roadmap through the bureaucratic maze.

Understanding Construction Permits

What Are Construction Permits?

Construction permits are legal documents issued by local government agencies that allow you to proceed with a construction project on your property. These permits ensure that your project plans comply with local zoning laws, building codes, and other regulations, protecting the safety, health, and general welfare of the community.

Why Are They Necessary?

Permits are a critical step in the construction process for several reasons:

Safety: They ensure that the project meets safety standards, protecting you and future occupants.
Compliance: Permits verify that your project adheres to local and national construction codes.
Value Preservation: Properly permitted work maintains or increases your home’s value for future sale or refinancing.
Avoiding Penalties: Working without a permit can lead to fines, project delays, or having to undo the work done.

The Permitting Process: A Step-by-Step Guide

Determine the Need for a Permit: Not all projects require a permit. Minor cosmetic updates typically don't, but major renovations, structural changes, and additions usually do. Check with your local building department.
Prepare Your Application: Gather the necessary documents. This often includes detailed project plans, blueprints, and possibly a site plan of your property. Hiring a professional from Bustamante Engineers can help ensure your documentation meets requirements.
Submit Your Application: Take your completed application and documents to your local building or planning department. Some jurisdictions allow online submissions
Await Review: Your application will be reviewed by the local authority. This process can take a few days to several weeks, depending on the project's complexity and the department's backlog.
Address Revisions: It’s not uncommon for the reviewing authority to request changes or additional information. Be prepared to revise your plans or documentation as needed.
Receive Your Permit: Once approved, you’ll receive your permit. There may be associated fees, which vary by location and project type.
Inspections: Most projects require inspections at various stages of completion. These inspections ensure the work complies with the permit and applicable codes.
Final Approval: After passing the final inspection, your project is officially complete and compliant. You'll receive documentation stating as much, which is important for your records.

Tips for a Smooth Permitting Process

Start Early: The permitting process can be lengthy. Begin early to avoid delays.
Hire Professionals: Experienced engineers can navigate the permitting process efficiently.
Stay Informed: Understand the specifics of your local permitting process and requirements. Regulations vary significantly between jurisdictions.
Be Patient & Persistent: Delays and requests for additional information are common. Stay patient and responsive to move the process along.

Be Knowledgeable About Your Municipal Regulations

While the permitting process might seem daunting at first, it plays a vital role in ensuring the safety and legality of your construction project. By understanding and respecting the process, you set the stage for a successful renovation or construction project that meets all legal and safety standards. This guide serves as a general overview - always consult your local building department for guidance specific to your project and locality. With the right preparation and knowledge, navigating the world of residential construction permits can be a smooth and straightforward part of your home improvement journey.

Contact BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS Inc for Residential Construction Permit Assistance

As you plan your next home improvement project, remember that the experienced professionals from BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS are here to help. We have certified and qualified engineers on staff for structural building inspections and construction plan reviews . If you need advice navigating the permit process with your local zoning office, we have a comprehensive understanding of the regulations in the area. Reach out to us and we’d be happy to facilitate the permitting for your project. Please click to contact us or call 215-340-6990 to see how we can help you with navigating residential construction permits...

New Legislation Enacted to Ensure Safety for NJ Condominium & Cooperative Buildings

Fri, 16 Feb 2024 19:05:00 GMT

Community Associations Required to Conduct Regular Structural Inspections & Reserve Studies

It’s coming your way - the structural integrity legislation previously passed in Florida landed on the desk of New Jersey’s governor. On January 8, 2024, New Jersey passed legislation to help protect and maintain the structural integrity of certain residential building structures. This legislation is effective immediately. This new legislation happened in response to the collapse of the Champlain Towers South condominium building in Surfside, Florida which tragically took the lives of 98 people in June of 2021.

New Legislation Intended to Help Take the Load Off - pun intended!

It’s safe to say no one wants another tragedy like this to occur. We often move into a building and never think about the intricacies of the structure. We worry about granite countertops or open concepts but never ask what the load bearing system of the building is. We never ask about the type of foundation or if the balconies are part of the structure? And we most likely never think - How is this building going to kill me?

In New Jersey, legislation S2760/A4384 puts in place procedures for inspecting, evaluating, and maintaining the structural integrity of certain residential housing structures. There will be inspection requirements “for any primary load bearing system where buildings have columns, beams, or bracing that by contiguous interconnection form a path by which external and internal forces applied to the building are delivered to the foundation”. Sounds complicated right?

Regular Structural Inspections Required

To summarize the law, a structural inspection will need to be performed within 15 years of the date on which the building received a certificate of occupancy. Any subsequent inspections need to take place within 5 years of the preceding inspection. If there is any observable damage to the primary load bearing system, then an inspection needs to occur within 60 days. Lastly, a New Jersey licensed engineer is required to perform the inspection of the structure.

Updated Capital Reserve Studies Required

The new law also states that any association must undertake the task of conducting a reserve study. A Capital Reserve Fund Study is an important financial tool that helps the community prepare and plan for their future capital replacement projects by assessing the physical condition of the common area components and pricing out replacements or repairs. Additional requirements were set that require an update to the reserve study be completed at maximum every 5 years and that the reserve study must be performed by a Community Association Institute (CAI) accredited Reserve Specialist, a New Jersey licensed engineer, or a New Jersey licensed architect. For a more detailed explanation of this legislation, you may find it online.

Let BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS Help You Comply with the New Guidelines

We know this sounds like an extra burden that no community or property manager needs, however this new legislation is designed to protect people who live in condominiums or cooperative buildings. We can bear the burden as BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS has CAI accredited Reserve Specialists and NJ licensed Engineers at your service. Please click to contact us or call 215-340-6990 to see how we can help you with Structural Inspections & Reserve Fund Studies.

Budget-Friendly Tips for Residential Construction Projects

Tue, 16 Jan 2024 20:17:00 GMT

Regular Monitoring & Review with Professional Construction Oversight Services

Embarking on a residential construction project is both an exciting and daunting task. As civil engineers with years of experience in construction oversight services , BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS has seen how costs can escalate quickly if not properly managed. This article aims to equip you with practical, budget-friendly tips to help you navigate the complexities of residential construction without breaking the bank.

Understand the Basics of Residential Construction
The residential construction process involves several stages, from designing and planning to the actual building phase. Understanding each stage helps with better cost management. The key components involved include the foundation, framing, roofing, plumbing, electrical, and finishing. Being aware of these helps in making informed decisions about where to invest more and where to cut costs.

Budget Smartly
A well-planned budget is important because it acts as a roadmap, guiding you through the financial aspects of the project. A detailed budget helps in tracking costs and avoiding overspending. Creating a realistic budget should include all potential costs such as materials, labor, permits, and a contingency fund for unforeseen expenses. Research prices and get multiple quotes before finalizing your budget.

Cost-Saving Strategies
Choose the right materials that offer a balance between quality and cost. For instance, recycled or reclaimed materials can be both eco-friendly and economical. Investing in energy-efficient solutions can lead to significant savings in the long run. Consider features like solar panels, energy-efficient windows, and proper insulation. These investments might have a higher upfront cost but will reduce utility bills over time.

Hire the Right Team
Select experienced professional contractors and builders who can work within your budget. Don’t just go for the lowest bid, as it might compromise the quality of your project. Clear communication with your contractors about your budget and expectations can prevent misunderstandings and additional costs.

Track Expenses
Regularly check your expenses against your budget. This will help you identify and address any cost overruns early. Be prepared to adjust your plans if costs are escalating. Use your contingency fund wisely and only for unforeseen expenses.

Regular Monitoring & Review
Building a home is a significant investment, and staying within budget requires careful planning, smart decisions, and sometimes, tough compromises. By understanding the construction process, smart budgeting, choosing the right materials, hiring a skilled team, you can make your dream home a reality without overspending. Remember that every construction project is unique, and these tips should be adapted to fit your specific situation.

Construction Oversight Services Ensure Your Project is In Budget, On Schedule & Meets Specifications

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS is well qualified to provide professional construction oversight services for our clients. Our team provides a full range of services necessary to ensure that our clients’ needs are met, and contractors meet the terms of the contract. We can identify deficiencies by observing the construction, monitoring the progress, and documenting the contractor’s activities. To avoid financial strain and help minimize the potential for issues in the future, click to contact us online or call 215-340-6990 today!

Pavement Choices for Your Home - GRAVEL & PAVERS

Fri, 01 Dec 2023 21:36:00 GMT

A Review of Residential Hardscape Surfaces – GRAVEL & PAVERS

Are you thinking about updating or expanding your driveway - or constructing a new one? Let’s take some time to deep dive into the benefits of each type of common pavement material: ASPHALT, CONCRETE, GRAVEL/STONE & PAVERS . This article will talk specifically about gravel driveways and the various types of pavers available. Asphalt and concrete pavement surfaces have been discussed in the previous installment.

The primary function of pavement is to provide a smooth surface for a vehicle or pedestrian to travel. Without a sufficient subbase to the top material, your pavement can sink and create an uneven driving and/or walking surface. Pavers and gravel require a similar subbase that will support the driving surface. If you are building a driveway where there has not been one previously, it is recommended that you have an engineer involved such as the experts from BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS . You may need our professional services for the design of the driveway and sitework. Building a new driveway may require permits, so check with your local municipality about what is involved in constructing a driveway.

Good Beginnings = a Great Driveway

Survey your property and decide the location, length, and shape of your driveway. Determine if you want to have a parking area or other features. Then, outline it using short stakes and twine to ensure it works with your space. When beginning the construction of the driveway, a contractor will strip the sod, vegetation, and topsoil from the designated area to expose bare soils before beginning. As a final site preparation step, adding a layer of permeable landscaping fabric is suggested as a weed barrier.

All Functional Driveways Require the Following:

Subgrade Soil – A good soil to lay your subbase on is very important. The soil should not be too wet where you want to lay the subbase. Wet soil means it may not have the structural stability to withstand cars repeatedly driving over the finished surface. Some of the possibilities that may occur when you install a driveway on poor soils are rutting, premature cracking, and potholes beginning to form on the driveway.
Subbase Layer – For asphalt pavement or concrete surfaces, a compacted stone shall be laid on top of the acceptable subgrade soil. Then a 4-6 inch subbase of a modified stone is to be laid and compacted properly. Modified stone typically consists of a slightly larger (1 ½ to 2 inch) irregular shaped stone with lots of “fines” in it. Fines are smaller bits of rock, sand, or clay that create a better compaction rate which makes for a great subbase.

Gravel Driveway Components & Installation

Laid correctly and properly maintained, gravel offers a budget-friendly, low-maintenance driveway option with a classic look. This is a broad category but, most stable gravel driveways have three rock layers including the Subbase Layer discussed above.

The middle Base Layer is typically comprised of 2-3 inch stones. Once spread over the area in a single interlocking 4-6” layer, the driveway will be compacted thoroughly with machinery before adding the next layer.
The top Surface Layer is a smaller gravel ranging from ½ -2 inches in diameter. There are a wide variety of choices for the decorative top layer such as crushed stone, quarry process, pea gravel, jersey shore gravel, lava rock, marble chips, river rock, brick chips, decomposed granite, or black trap rock. These are the best options for driveway surfaces because they are small stones combined with rock dust, which makes a more solid driving surface.

Permeable, Porous & Pervious Paver Block Driveway Components & Installation

There are benefits to permeable driveway systems as it may assist the homeowner in reducing impervious coverage on their lot and improving water quality by filtering pollutants through its subbase. Check with your local municipality to see if permeable pavements are acceptable as approved pavement.

Permeable Pavers - Composed of a layer of concrete or fired clay brick, these pavers are separated by joints filled with select crushed aggregate. Water is circumvented around the paver, and the filtering process begins between the pavers in the aggregate filled void spaces. This mimics the natural process that occurs on the ground surface.

Porous Pavers – Generally, a cellular grid system filled with dirt, sand, or gravel, provides grass reinforcement, ground stabilization and gravel retention. In addition to load support, the grid reduces compaction of the soil to maintain permeability, while the plant roots improve water infiltration. Grasspave2 is a sample porous pavers system.

Pervious Pavers – These pavers are manufactured from natural stone and bonded together using organic polymers. This allows stormwater to percolate through the surface of the paver rather than running off into surrounding areas or storm drains. As the water runs through, the pavers filter pollutants.

Pros & Cons of a Gravel Driveway

Gravel is a cost effective and environmentally friendly driveway material choice. A well-built gravel driveway can replace unsightly ruts and damaged grass, improving curb appeal and increasing your property value. Gravel driveways perform best for homes in more rural areas but with proper attention, they can work in suburban areas too. If there are large tree roots near the driveway area, gravel is flexible and extremely accommodating. Properties that need frequent snowplowing may need some extra maintenance because of gravel displaced along with snow.

Pros & Cons of a Paver Block Driveway

Pavers are ideal if you want to create a driveway that is distinctive and interesting as well as environmentally friendly. With so many options for block type and color range as well as patterns in which it can be laid out, this hardscape can be a complement to other elements of the landscape. A paver driveway will take longer to install than other driveway materials because of the labor involved in laying each block. This makes the process among the pricier options. But high-quality pavers tend to be very long-lasting, making them a great investment.

Contact the Professionals at BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS

Most driveways are a straightforward job for a properly licensed builder. But for more complex sites, especially sloping lots, we recommend a driveway design from a professional engineer. To create a suitable design for your driveway, BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS will review the proposed site and provide a working plan to satisfy your requirements. Call us today at 215-340-6990 or click to contact us online today!

Pavement Choices for Your Home - ASPHALT & CONCRETE

Thu, 19 Oct 2023 19:59:00 GMT

A Review of Residential Hardscape Surfaces – ASPHALT & CONCRETE

Are you thinking about updating or expanding your driveway - or maybe constructing a new one? Last year, I decided to take the plunge and update my gravel driveway. I took some time to deep dive into the benefits of each type of common pavement material: ASPHALT, CONCRETE, STONE GRAVEL & PAVER BLOCKS . In this installment, we will talk specifically about Asphalt and Concrete pavement surfaces. Gravel driveways and the different types of Paver Blocks will be discussed in the next installment...

A pavement is defined as a durable surfacing of a road, airstrip, driveway, sidewalk, or similar area. The primary function of a pavement is to transmit loads to the sub-base and underlying soil so that objects don’t sink-in. Flexible pavements are constructed of several thicknesses of asphalt or concrete layers overlying a base of granular material on a prepared subgrade. Pavers and Gravel also require a similar compacted stone aggregate layering process beneath the surface. Pavers are also usually separated by joints filled with crushed aggregate, sand or grass.

If you are building a driveway where there hasn’t been one previously, it is recommended that you have an engineer involved such as the experts from BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS . You will likely need their professional services for the design of the driveway and for the sitework as well. Building a new driveway will likely require permits, so check with your local municipality about what is involved in constructing a driveway.

You may want to update your driveway because it is gravel, which can be difficult to plow when it comes to the snowy season, or you’re tired of the accumulation of dust on vehicles in the nicer weather. Perhaps your paved driveway is cracked and past its useful life and you are self-conscious of talk in the neighborhood. Or maybe you want to upgrade to a decorative concrete paver surface. So, if you just bought an undeveloped lot, or are looking to resurface, we’re here to give you an overview of how to construct a driveway from scratch.

Good Beginnings = a Great Driveway

When beginning the construction of the driveway, a contractor will strip the sod, vegetation and topsoil from the designated area to expose bare soils before beginning to lay your stone subbase. All good driveways require the following:

Subgrade Soil – A good soil to lay your subbase on is very important. The soil should not be too wet in the area of installation of the subbase because wet soil means it may not have the structural stability to withstand the cars repeatedly driving over the pavement. Some possibilities that may occur when installing a driveway on poor soil are rutting, premature cracking, and potholes beginning to form on the driveway.
Sub-base Layer - The sub-base consists of a modified stone, typically specified by your local municipality or state. A modified stone consists of a slightly larger stone with lots of “fines” in it. Fines are smaller bits of rock, sand or clay that create a better compaction rate which makes for a great subbase. During installation, a contractor will spread the mixture evenly in the area to a specified depth and compact it with machinery.

ASPHALT Driveway Components & Installation

There are typically three components to an asphalt driveway: a subbase, base, and top course. The total thickness of asphalt required for driveways is typically specified by the municipality. There are many more steps that are involved with the process, but it’s important to learn the basics before looking deeper into the installation.

Base Course - Once the subbase area is prepped, the contractor will put down the first layer of asphalt, also known as the base course. The mixture may have slightly varied specifications but will have larger stone/aggregate than the top course. Machinery will lay the material at a specified thickness equal to or greater than the thickness of the top course then rolled and compacted.
Top Course - The top course is then laid after the base material has been set. It consists of an oil binder with a slightly smaller stone than your base. This mixture is what gives your driveway a nice, uniform look. The oil in the mixture acts as a binder between the stones and bonds everything together to create a stronger surface.
Compaction - Once laid, the new driveway will be rolled again with a large roller that has a water cascade down the drum to cool the asphalt as it is compacted. Compaction of the asphalt is important! When the asphalt is laid, if it is not compacted heavy weight such as vehicle tires would cause depressions. If the asphalt is never compacted, it would become brittle and eventually break apart.

CONCRETE Driveway Components & Installation

Rigid pavements that are made of concrete are composed of coarse and fine aggregate and cement which is usually reinforced with steel rod or mesh. But you don’t have to go with traditional, drab looking plain concrete – there are many new creative techniques to choose from such as colored concrete, acid-stained concrete, or concrete with exposed aggregate.

Forms - Forms for concrete slabs are consist of wooden boards that hold the concrete in place to assume the designated shape of the new driveway. They are screwed or nailed into wood or metal stakes that are driven into the prepared subbase.
Reinforcement - Adding rebar or mesh wire on top of the base before the concrete is poured will serve to reinforce the concrete. The reinforcement should be elevated off the base so that the concrete gets underneath.
Concrete - A ready-mix concrete truck will pour 5000 pounds per inch of concrete, 6 inches thick. As the truck pours the concrete, shovels and rakes are used to spread it evenly. A screen will level the surface and edging tools and hand trowels to shape and smooth any edges or bumps.
Finish - Brooming is a popular treatment because it leaves the surface with a good mixture of textured and smoother surface areas which will help with skid resistance.
Setting - In weather between 65-75ºF, forms can be removed at 48 hours, leaving just enough malleability to deal with problem areas. The concrete takes 7 days to fully set, so no driving on the driveway for a week.

Pros & Cons of Concrete or Asphalt

When considering concrete for my driveway, I wanted the traditional look of concrete. Contractors have learned new creative techniques with colored versions and stamped textures and maybe I will consider concrete techniques for future projects. Concrete pavements have more than twice the longevity compared to asphalt. Concrete makes for an exceptionally low maintenance driveway and may only require occasional power washing. They come at a 50% higher price partially because installing concrete requires more time and preparation than asphalt. Concrete holds up better than asphalt under heavy traffic and is easier to see at night.

Asphalt may have a slight edge over concrete because of the lower cost of installation and ease of repair. Most homeowners can easily repair cracks or small holes in an asphalt driveway. When it comes to curing, you can drive on asphalt almost immediately after it’s been installed, and concrete takes a week to cure. When it comes to installation, asphalt driveways are a clear winner as they take less time to install. Concrete tends to give the exterior of a home an industrialized look, rather than looking warm and inviting. Consideration needs to be taken regarding the climate in which you live. Asphalt softens easily in hotter climates and will need more repair. Lucky for us, the climate in Pennsylvania is conducive to asphalt driveways.

Contact the Professionals at BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS

Most driveways are a straightforward job for a properly licensed builder. But for more complex sites, especially sloping lots, we recommend a driveway design by a professional engineer. To create a suitable design for your driveway, one of our engineers will review the proposed site and provide a working plan to satisfy your requirements. Call us today at 215-340-6990 or click to contact us online today!

NEXT MONTH: Our next installment will talk specifically about the different types of Concrete Paver Blocks as well as Gravel driveways...

Italian Architectural Accomplishments From a Structural Engineer’s Point of View

Fri, 22 Sep 2023 18:22:00 GMT

My recent trip to Italy reminded me of the HGTV television show If Walls Could Talk, where homeowners discovered bits of history of their home through artifacts hidden in the walls of their house. While in Italy, it was more than walls talking to me. Italy was reading a story, conducting a song, producing a film through its buildings, people, restaurants, and landscapes. Italy was alive and wanting to tell a story. Italy did not want to hide its beauty behind the walls of her structures.

From a structural engineer’s point of view, it was overwhelming to imagine how they built such beautiful, ornate masterpieces without all our modern technologies. When plans for the Duomo Cathedral in Florence, Italy were created, the ideas were so ambitious, the builders did not even know how they were going to accomplish it! Trial and error and many changed plans created this often sought after building for thousands to visit each year. Florence was patient in the 500 plus years it took to complete this masterpiece.

Duomo Cathedral: The use of domes in cathedrals were to represent the heavens which explains why angels and saints were depicted in the art within a dome.

Today as engineers, we are required to provide drawings, documents, material, and design specifications before a project begins. In essence, plans are made, and the goal is to not have massive changes made or the project to take 500 plus years to complete! Can you imagine our customer satisfaction if we took hundreds of years to complete our projects?

My visit to The Pantheon was no less impressive. The Pantheon did not take 500 plus years to complete much to the relief of the Romans. A unique feature of The Pantheon is its unreinforced concrete dome. The dome of The Pantheon does not have angels or saints represented, perhaps because of the definition of The Pantheon which means “all the gods of the people” and perhaps was to be used as a temple for many religions. Today, The Pantheon functions as a Catholic Church and regularly holds mass while being a favorite destination for tourists.

The Pantheon: There are not a lot of written records for The Pantheon, however it is theory that the purpose of the building was to worship Roman gods.

It is an understatement to say that I was impressed with the structural artforms and ornate details of the buildings in Italy. The history of the buildings speaks through the walls and is shown in artwork painted on the walls and structural forms used. Needless to say, I enjoyed my trip to Italy and can’t wait to hear the walls speak to me again…perhaps another trip.

Contact the professionals at BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS INC for comprehensive building engineering services . With expert knowledge and effective communication, BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS has been satisfying homeowners , sellers , buyers , attorneys , community associations and real estate professionals for over 25 years. We approach each and every situation in a unique manner bringing forth many decades of engineering experience to assist and resolve issues. Please click to contact us online or call 215-340-6990 and let’s discuss how we may be of value to you.

Summer & Fall Home Exterior Maintenance

Tue, 01 Aug 2023 20:50:00 GMT

Essential Warm Weather Tasks & Tips Around the House

Yes, the sunshine isn’t simply good for the soul—it’s good for home maintenance, too. Nothing says summer like warm weather, pool parties, and barbecues. Although a comfortable hammock and a tall glass of lemonade may be calling you, take time to do some important summer and fall home maintenance before you relax this season.

Maintain Your Home’s Exterior

As the seasons change, so should your home maintenance tasks. Now that winter and spring are through, you can tackle exterior maintenance projects you couldn’t do during wet or frozen weather. These maintenance tasks will prepare your home for when the sun is bright, and the temperatures are high!

Clean Out Gutters, Downspouts & Window Wells: Leaves, petals, and seeds can accumulate in your gutters and window wells over the seasons to ensure they are flowing smoothly and easily. Clear the debris to keep rainwater draining properly and away from your home’s foundation.
Inspect Your Roof: Perform a thorough visual assessment. If you only need a few shingles replaced, a contractor may be able to replace them for a nominal charge. For extensive damage, you should contact a professional engineer for an inspection.
Check Your Siding: Walk around the house and look for rotting, loose, or damaged siding and make repairs if necessary. Power wash your siding to clean any dirt or debris that built up over the previous seasons.
Clean & Repair the Windows: Wash your windows inside and out and recaulk or replace the weather stripping if necessary. This will help increase your energy efficiency.
Inspect Your Foundation: Throughout the year, the soil surrounding a home expands and contracts from changes in the moisture content and temperature levels. The inward bowing of a basement wall and cracking can occur when the pressure exceeds the strength of the wall. Foundation settlement, cracking, sinking, crumbling, and chipping can lead to flooding, wall collapse, and even pest infestations.
Clean & Repair the Deck: Start by pressure washing the deck and if after cleaning, the deck coating has worn away, apply a waterproofing coating while the temperatures are warm and dry. If your deck has loose boards and/or railings, cracks, or decay, it may need some work.
Refill Driveway & Walkway Cracks: An unsightly hole or crack in your driveway detracts from your home’s curb appeal and can become a growing problem. You may need to patch, resurface, or replace a driveway that was damaged during the icy winter. To extend its longevity, an asphalt driveway should be resealed every two to five years.
Maintain Hardscaping: Check the hardscape features around your house, such as patios, planting bed borders, and retaining walls. They might need to be cleaned or repaired.
Landscaping Grading: The winter and spring months can be rough on your plants and flowers. You might need to do some upkeep like removing any sticks, branches and other outdoor debris from your yard and gardens. Cut back overgrown bushes or trees, and prune as required based on the species.

Protect Your Property with Regular Seasonal Maintenance

Summer and Fall are the perfect time to freshen up your home's exterior, to fix minor issues, and prepare things you'll use during the warm weather. To keep your home’s exterior in great shape, you can count on the professionals from BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS for Structural Inspection Services , Building Envelope Consulting , Stormwater Management advice and Historic Preservation Consultation . Click to contact us online or call 215-394-6990 today…

ONE HUNDRED YEAR FLOOD – Is Your Home Protected?

Tue, 30 May 2023 20:43:00 GMT

Changing Climate Patterns Create Uncertainty

Does it feel like every spring is declared to be the wettest on record? Does it seem that you’re always hearing about another potential 100-year flood event? Since weather patterns are rapidly shifting due to the impact of global climate change, the amount of stormwater flooding is increasing. Images of flood-damaged transportation infrastructure, residential neighborhoods and commercial properties are familiar scenes reported in the news.

What is a 100-Year Flood?

Contrary to popular belief, “100-Year Flood” does not refer to a flood that happens every century. Rather, the term describes the statistical chance that a flood of a certain magnitude will occur over a 24-hour period, in a certain area, once in 100 years. It is also accurate to say that a 100-Year Flood has a 1% chance of occurring in a given year, and those living in a 100-year floodplain have a 1% chance of being flooded each year. Since this is related to chance, the odds reset each year, meaning that a 100-year flood could happen in the same area two years in a row.

Individual, Community & Environmental Importance

One hundred years is a commonly reported recurrence interval that is used for ease of statistical communication. This basis provides a standard for risk assessment but does not mean that a 100-year flood will only take place once every century. Instead, it means that data from stream gauges in the area have been averaged over a long period of time for civil engineers and insurance companies to determine how likely it is a region will flood. Infrastructure is designed with these risk assessments in mind.

Assessing Your Own Risk

If a 100-year flood has already occurred in your lifetime, it can still happen again. Over a 30-year interval, a home in a 100-year floodplain has a 26% chance of being flooded at least once. For this reason, homeowners on 100-year floodplain are required to purchase flood insurance. Different locations along various bodies of water have their own 100-year flood magnitudes. Flood insurance policies have different coverages depending on these types of floodplains on which a house is located.

Protect Your Home From Flood Damage

The best way to protect your home from flooding events is to take extra precautions. You have many flood mitigation options as a homeowner. As you begin to think about which might be the best for you and your home, consider following these key first steps:

KNOW YOUR RISK: Learn more details about your home’s level of flood risk, including the type of flood zone it is in and, if available, the potential flood elevation at FEMA Flood Map Service Center .
INSURE YOUR PROPERTY: Even if your home is in a low or moderate risk flood zone, purchasing a flood insurance policy is highly recommended.

REDUCE THE RISK TO YOUR PROPERTY

Consider which of the following methods are most appropriate based on your home’s situation and create a plan to mitigate your risk:

EXTERIOR AREAS OF YOUR PROPERTY :

Maintain proper water runoff and drainage by cleaning and maintaining gutters, downspouts, and splashpads. Also, make sure that any nearby drainage ditches or storm drains are clear of debris.
Reduce impervious surfaces around your home which can help reduce sewer overflows by decreasing stormwater runoff. Creating and maintaining natural green spaces such as rain gardens, vegetated swales, or pervious pavements allow more water to be absorbed by the ground.
Elevate air conditioning condensers, heat pumps, water meters and other service equipment at least 1 foot above the potential flood elevation to prevent significant damage and disruption following a flood event. Anchor outdoor fuel tanks with ground anchors.

INTERIOR AREAS OF YOUR PROPERTY :

Protect your valuable possessions by moving important documents to a safer location well above the potential flood elevation and/or inside watertight containers.
Seal your foundation and basement walls. Make sure any floor drains are clear of obstructions.
Install a sump pump (with battery-operated backup) which extracts groundwater basement seepage and flooding and directs it away from the structure through drainage pipes.
Prevent sewer backups by installing drain plugs or backflow valves for all basement floor drains.
Raise electrical system panels and all outlets, switches, and wiring to at least 1 foot above the potential flood elevation.
Raise the HVAC systems by moving them to a higher floor or the attic.
Raise major appliances such as washers, dryers, and hot water heaters above the ground floor. If relocation is not possible, protect equipment in place using low floodwalls and shields.
Install a flood alert system to be warned of imminent flooding so you can take preventative or protective actions before extensive damage occurs.

IMMEDIATE FLOOD PREPAREDNESS:

Take actions before an expected flood event to reduce damage to your home.
Activate flood protection devices (sump pumps, backflow valves, etc.).
Shut off electricity at the breaker panel.
Deploy temporary flood barriers such as portable flood gates or shields, sandbags, inflatable floodwalls, and flood skirts.
Clear snow and ice away from foundations.

Regular Inspections Protect Your Home & Protect the Environment

Unfortunately today, poor construction techniques are the main culprit of water penetrating a home or building. Good building materials are available on the market and when they are applied correctly, the chances of water entering a home diminishes drastically. With experience, ingenuity, and BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS structural inspection services , one doesn’t have to wonder if the property will be wet or not.

Overall, stormwater facilities are needed to protect the environment and prevent downstream flooding, but without proper maintenance, there can be a risk. BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS can mitigate this risk by performing Stormwater Management Evaluations at least two times per year and after intense storms. Click to contact us online or call 215-340-6990 to find out how we can help you today!

The Difference Between Structural Inspections & Home Inspections

Tue, 04 Apr 2023 18:29:00 GMT

It’s Important to Evaluate the Structural Conditions That Are of Concern

No home is perfect, yet for buyers and sellers it’s important to establish those imperfections, especially to the essential systems and structural integrity. The purpose of these building inspections is to minimize unwanted surprises of a home so homeowners could live in a safe environment.

HOME INSPECTION

Carried out by a certified home inspector who inspects the general overall condition and safety of the house’s essential systems including electrical, plumbing, HVAC, basement, roofing, water penetration, insect infestation, and a visual inspection.

STRUCTURAL INSPECTION

Carried out by a licensed structural engineer who provides an in-depth analysis of the integrity and safety of the building’s structural components including the foundation, joists, beams, trusses, columns/post, walls, floors, and roof. It could encompass the whole structure or one specific element of the building.

Home Inspectors look at the home in general terms evaluating conditions that may cause the house to be unsafe, function improperly, or have major mechanical issues. A Structural Inspection often takes place after the home inspector submits their recommendations and points out possible structural issues that the homeowner should take a closer look at. A licensed engineer is the only professional that can provide an opinion on the structural integrity of a home.

What Do Structural Engineers Inspect?

Structural issues may require some of the most expensive and time-consuming repairs that you can conduct on a property. It’s worthwhile to hire a professional engineer with the highest standards, which holds paramount the safety, health and welfare of the occupants. These are some issues related to homes that need further evaluation by a certified structural engineer:

FOUNDATION - Problems with the foundation can cause structural failures. Our engineers typically perform foundation inspections to identify cracks and settling in the foundation that compromise the foundation integrity.
ROOFING - Sometimes it can be difficult to ascertain the overall health of a roof. So, it’s essential to consult a licensed engineer who will focus more on its structural elements to determine any defects.
SAGGING FLOORS - Sloping floors are usually caused by the sagging of the wooden joists that hold up the floor structure. While a small amount of bending is natural in aging homes, excess bending could be a more significant problem.
SEVERE CRACKING - Cracks can indicate that there is a severe structural failure within the property. However, some cracks are purely cosmetic. That’s why it’s crucial to hire a specialist to determine whether these cracks are benign or are indicative of something more serious.
GRADING & DRAINAGE ISSUES - Drainage issues can wreak havoc on a home’s foundation causing expensive interior and exterior water damage. A structural inspection may help pinpoint where the issues originate and how to implement proper mitigation.

Structural Inspection Reports

With BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS structural inspection services , our clients receive professional service and communication at the time of inspection and for follow-up after the submitted report. Our thorough, easy to read reports provide sufficient detail to identify a concern and provide the knowledge to cure it.

Structural Inspection Reports Generally Include the Following:

Scope of Work - purpose of inspection
Description of Property - w ith photographs
Engineer’s Findings - cause of the issue
Repair Recommendation - to correct the issue
Engineer’s Estimate - if needed
Monitoring & Consultation - if remedial action is needed over time

General Home Inspection, Structural Engineering Inspection or BOTH?

For the most part, home buyers and sellers should carry out both types of inspections to get complete reassurance that the property they are purchasing or selling is as expected. While a general home inspection covers most issues that crop up in a house and have a specific role in a real estate transaction, it will not provide an in-depth report on its structural integrity. This information is especially important if renovations requiring structural changes are planned. The only way to receive a written report is to hire a licensed structural engineer to conduct a full structural assessment.

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS - Your Structural Engineering Inspection Experts

Our engineers are members of the National Academy of Building Inspection Engineers www.NABIE.org - a nationally recognized professional organization with members throughout the county. Certified Building Inspection Engineers are leaders in the structural inspection profession. Our structural inspection services allow the homeowner to take advantage of our expertise by allowing us to inspect and evaluate the structural conditions that are of concern. We approach each and every situation in a manner that brings forth many decades of structural engineering experience to assist the homeowner and resolve their issues. Click to contact us online or call 215-340-6990 today and minimize the potential for unpleasant surprises in the future!

Replace or Repair the Roof Over Your Head?

Mon, 30 Jan 2023 22:01:00 GMT

Potential Signs That Your Roof May Need Some Attention

The roof over your head is one of the most important parts of your house. When installed and maintained properly, it provides shelter from the elements, protection from water damage to the building, and safety and security to you and your family. Despite the importance of these functions, roofs aren’t always prioritized when it comes to maintenance, repair, or replacement… out of sight out of mind.

Does It Make More Sense to Replace the Roof or Repair It?

Over time, your roof will start to show indications of wear and tear. While there are a few things that can indicate your roof is no longer in its best shape, any one sign on its own doesn’t necessarily mean your roof needs replacing. Proper upkeep of your roof helps ensure that it stays in good condition to maximize future resale value and keeps you and your belongings protected from weather in the meantime.

The Most Common Signs That Your Roof Needs Attention

Don’t ignore these warning signs that it’s time to inspect your roof! If you are worried about any visible symptoms of damage, the building envelope specialist from BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS can help you decide whether a total replacement is necessary.

The Roof Has Outlived its Typical Useful Life - Depending on the roofing material, the lifespan of a roof could be between 15-30+ years. Check past home improvement records to find out exactly when your roof was installed. The roof duration also depends on whether it is properly ventilated.

Water Damage in the Upstairs or Attic - Moisture marks, brown, yellow, or grey stains, and peeling paint on walls and/or ceilings may indicate a damaged, leaking roof.

Roof Is Sagging - A droopy, sagging roof indicates that trapped moisture has deteriorated roof materials and may require repair or replacement.

Flourishing Moss, Mold, or Fungi - These annoying additions indicate trapped moisture, which can stain a roof. To do away with organic growth that collects in shaded corners of your roof, carefully remove the matter.

Buckling Shingles - When shingles start to curl, it’s a sign that they’re no longer properly adhered. The curved surface can be caught by strong wind, leading to further damage during the next storm.

Missing Shingles or Significant Granular Loss - An inspection should be performed when missing and/or damaged shingles are found. Excessive granular loss which can be found in the gutters is a key indicator that your roof needs attention.

Additional Consideration: Are You Planning to Sell the House? A new roof can be costly, but it will add value to your home. You may be more likely to get full asking price, spend less time with your home on the market or have shorter negotiations.

How often a roof will need to be replaced depends on several factors, such as the quality of the roof’s installation, quality of the materials used, and the type of roof product. These are a few examples of typical useful lives of roofing types:

Architectural Asphalt Shingles (laminates): 20+ years
Low Slope Roofs: 15+ years
Metal Roofs: 30+ years
Wood Shingles: 20+ years (depending on exposure)

Types of Roof Products & Their Lifespan

Although you are the first line of defense when it comes to spotting roof damage, be aware of your limitations. Call in an experienced building envelope consultant for a professional inspection once a year. A basic inspection could save you plenty in roofing repair costs by spotting minor damage before it turns into a major problem. A trained professional also has the tools and safety techniques to get up on your roof and check for damage.

Homeownership comes with lots of responsibilities, and one of the most important is replacing your roof in a timely manner at the end of its life expectancy. It’s better to be proactive about your roof and look for the early warning signs. If you suspect your roof is damaged or is nearing the end of its life expectancy, consult the trusted professionals at BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS before making any decision on repairs. Click to contact us online or call 215-340-6990 today!

Rely On BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS for Your Building Envelope Consulting

Planning Retaining Wall Design & Materials Selection

Mon, 12 Dec 2022 22:22:00 GMT

Benefits of a Retaining Wall As Your Next Home Improvement Project

Retaining walls are primarily built to protect from soil erosion and retain soil to provide necessary space. Retaining walls are utilized all around the country for a multitude of reasons. From improvement projects for a homeowner who would like to provide more flat space on their property, to the Federal Highway Administration to allow for overpasses and underpasses to be built. Some of these home improvements include widening of a driveway, more usable space for activities, pools, and in some cases, doubling as a drainage improvement on the property.

What Is a Retaining Wall?

Retaining walls provide lateral support to slopes considered too vertical. In the absence of retaining walls, the natural soils could slip, slide or collapse. A proper retaining wall can be classified as a segmental block wall, concrete wall, and in some cases boulders and rock cages. Buried in the soil behind a retaining wall, there are structural components that can range from a geogrid, which grips the soil and holds the wall upright, to a specified mix of concrete, which can add more weight to the wall to prevent sliding. Regardless of the structural components in the backfill, an important piece to a retaining wall is a drainage layer to relieve any lateral water pressure, which is why there are drains typically discharging water at the front face of the wall.

Drainage of a Retaining Wall

The top of a retaining wall can continue as a large hillside and with that, can come drainage issues due to the velocity in which runoff can cascade down the hillside, towards the top of the retaining wall. Some retaining walls have impervious soils (referred to as “clay caps”) that are doubled as a swale to prevent water from cascading the face of the wall and/or adding lateral water pressure to the wall. In addition to the clay caps, a wall will have a drainage layer on its backside that consists of clean stone, to allow for water to drain, and collect at a perforated pipe towards the bottom of the wall and ultimately discharge at the front face of the wall.

Retaining Wall Design & Materials Selection

Retaining wall design and wall type selection is driven by several factors. These include cost, required wall height, ease and speed of construction, ground water conditions and soil characteristics, building codes, aesthetics, durability, etc. Retaining walls can be constructed of different materials and with a variety of building techniques. Structural materials commonly utilized are segmental concrete, poured concrete, timber or natural stone.

Timber - Wood is a more accessible, DIY-friendly material and is a good choice when cost is an issue. But in a damp environment, wood retaining walls are likely to rot and decay at a much quicker rate than other materials. Timber is only recommended for walls under four feet high.
Poured Concrete - Poured concrete retaining walls are stronger and more durable than concrete block walls but may crack under certain conditions. It must be supported by a reinforced concrete footing and require weep holes. This material requires skilled professionals to build which makes for a more expensive solution.
Natural Stone/Boulders - Retaining wall boulders are available in a wide variety of choices to fit any design style. But natural stones are more expensive and building this type of wall is time consuming, requiring more skill to find the stone that fits just right. Walls above three feet high typically require engineering expertise.
Concrete Segmental Retaining Walls - Segmental retaining walls consist of modular concrete blocks that interlock with each other and with a lateral tieback system (geogrid) that is buried in the backfill area to further stabilize the soil behind the wall and provide support to the segmental block. With the unique construction of segmental retaining walls, higher and steeper walls can be constructed with the ability to retain the force of lateral earth pressure created by the backfill soil. They can be installed in a wide variety of colors, sizes, and textures incorporating straight or curved lines, steps, and corners.

Concrete Segmental Retaining Walls Offer Many Advantages

Design Flexibility: The size and weight of the segment units make it possible to construct walls on difficult topography or on limited access sites. Curves and other unique layouts can be easily accommodated.
Aesthetics: Since they are available in a variety of sizes, shapes, textures and colors, segmental retaining walls provide both an attractive and a structurally sound wall system.
Economics: Segmental retaining walls provide a cost-effective alternative to other options because most on-site soil materials can usually be re-used and because there is no need for extensive formwork.
Performance: Unlike rigid structures, the flexible nature of segmental retaining walls allows them to shift and adjust relative to one another to tolerate minor earth movement without visual cracks.

Rely on the Experts at BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS

Most municipalities in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware require a signed and sealed engineered plan for any walls that are taller than 4-feet. There are a variety of retaining walls compositions that are unique to each property and we will provide you with the options for your situation and present your most cost-effective solutions. You can count on the experienced professionals from BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS for the structural design , inspection services , and construction monitoring of all of your retaining wall needs. Click to contact us online or call 215-340-6990 today!

Benefits of Waterproofing Your Concrete Balcony

Mon, 19 Sep 2022 17:55:00 GMT

Prolong The Life of the Balcony & Protect Its Structural Integrity

Exterior balconies are an amenity often utilized by homeowners for entertaining or relaxing but are often not given the attention they may need. It is important to continually inspect your concrete balconies as it is a critical structural component and may play a bigger role in the structural integrity of your entire building. Waterproofing concrete balconies can provide a vital role in prolonging the life of your balcony and protecting its structural integrity.

Why is Waterproofing a Concrete Balcony Necessary?

Concrete balconies can be constructed in numerous ways. One main component of concrete balconies is the structural reinforcement which are typically steel rods. These reinforcements provide extra support to the concrete to allow them to span great distances. The steel rods are set in the concrete and when the balcony gets wet, water finds its way through small voids in the concrete and encounters the steel. The steel overtime can become corroded and eventually cause spalling to the concrete and in worse situations, fail.

In addition, due to balconies typically being exposed to natural elements, water trapped in the concrete may freeze, expand, and push on the concrete, creating loose chunks of concrete. Waterproofing the tops and sides of these balconies will prevent water from infiltrating the concrete and rusting the steel or being exposed to cold temperatures and prolong the life of the balcony.

Signs of Damage to Concrete Balcony:

It is important to continually inspect your balcony and even take pictures to compare sizes of cracks and spalls. It is recommended that if you believe there is significant damage to your balcony, contact a qualified structural engineer to inspect it and provide recommendations on repairs, or in some cases, replacement. At Bustamante Engineers , concrete balconies are no strangers to us, and we have worked through numerous rehabilitation projects, big and small.

Typical Signs of Damage to a Balcony:

Cracking
Loose Concrete
Fallen Chunks of Concrete
Rust Stains
Other Visual Changes

Basically, waterproofing is preventing water intrusion. While concrete may be considered an impermeable material, there are small voids in the concrete that provide a path for the water to meet with the steel or freeze and thaw. To prevent that, a waterproofing membrane can be installed which prevents water from infiltrating the concrete and exposing the steel and inside of the concrete to nature’s unwanted elements. Typical waterproofing systems have multiple steps for installation. Preparation of the existing balcony is required and there is more than one layer to a waterproofing system.

For reference, Sika® USA is a waterproofing company that provides unique waterproofing products for all components of a home. They are a premier maker of high-performance concrete waterproofing solutions that will repair and protect new or existing balconies while providing an aesthetic finish to compliment your home.

What is Waterproofing & How is it Installed?

While the focus may be on enjoying the outdoor balcony living space, don’t overlook waterproofing as an integral part of the design and maintenance that allow for structural safety, longevity and worry-free use. BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS INC provides expert professional assistance by offering clear and accurate structural inspection services and specializes in the structural design of all elements of the building envelope . Click to contact us online or call 215-340-6990 and let us discuss how our Building Envelope Consultation Services may be of assistance to you today!

Waterproofing a Concrete Balcony Plays a Vital Role In Safety & Durability

Pros & Cons of Replacement Exterior Siding Products for Your Home

Wed, 10 Aug 2022 21:43:00 GMT

Balancing Appearance with Cost & Durability Is Important

When choosing new siding for your home, it's important to remember that beauty is more than skin deep. Your siding needs to protect your home from the weather, while at the same time controlling moisture from coming through. It’s important to accomplish both of these tasks with style, as your choice of siding is often the first thing people see when they come to your home.

Tips For Choosing the Best Replacement Exterior Cladding

To determine which type of siding best suits your home, you need to know which options are available. That way, you can assess several types of siding materials, weigh the pros and cons of each option, and select the siding that takes your house’s exterior to the next level. No siding is maintenance free, but the below materials have long service lives with moderate maintenance required.

Vinyl Siding

Vinyl is the most common material in the US for residential siding, for several reasons. Being low cost, very versatile, and low maintenance is hard to beat.

Pros of Vinyl Siding:

Easy to install
Versatile design & styles options
Highly weather resistant - fades evenly
Insect & mold resistant
Countless color options

Cons of Vinyl Siding:

Noticeable seams
May appear too “plastic like”
Eventually, color fades
Concentrated high heat near material can cause melting

Maintenance & Durability:

Relatively low maintenance – commonly cleaned with soap & water
Expected lifespan of vinyl siding is at least 40 years

Fiber Cement Siding

Fiber cement siding board was developed by James Hardie Industries over a century ago. Fiber cement can be found with a variety of siding styles, even to look like wood.

Pros of Fiber Cement Siding:

Versatile design & style options
Non-Flammable – resistant to fire
Insect & mold resistant
Plentiful color options

Cons of Fiber Cement Siding:

Expert installation suggested - labor-intensive process
Heavy material – not for DIY
More expensive than vinyl
Dusty installation during production
Requires caulking and painting

Maintenance & Durability:

Extensive manufacturer warranty
Repainting needed every 10-15 years
Expected Lifespan 40 years or more

Pros of Cellular PVC Siding:

Available in various natural-look styles & colors
High curb appeal
More durable than vinyl
Insect & animal resistant

Cons Of Cellular PVC Siding:

Tedious to repair
Expensive
Because it is somewhat new, its reliability is yet to be tested

Maintenance & Durability:

Requires minimal maintenance – clean with soap & water
Expected lifespan of cellular PVC siding is 40 years or more

Cellular PVC siding features a high-density, high-definition wood grain texture with subtle shadowing that brings the beauty of natural painted wood to a home’s exterior. It is durable, lightweight and requires minimal maintenance.

Cellular PVC Siding

New siding can be beneficial, regardless of your home’s size, age, or condition. There is no one-size-fits-all siding that works best for all homeowners at all times. The best siding for your home will depend on your specific home, budget, desired appearance, and other factors. A qualified building envelope consultant provides their knowledge, experience, and understanding, as well as proper design and construction practices as related to the envelope system of your home.

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS INC provides expert professional assistance by offering clear and accurate structural inspection services and specializes in the structural design of all elements of the building envelope. Click to contact us online or call 215-340-6990 and let us discuss how our Building Envelope Consultation Services may be of assistance to you today!

Preserve Building Performance with Building Envelope Consultant Services

Rain Gardens Support Natural Stormwater Management

Wed, 06 Jul 2022 22:23:00 GMT

A Water-Smart Landscape to Soak Up the Rain at Your Home or Property

Rain may be just what your grass needs, but storms can stress your sump-pump and leave your yard soggy and swamped with puddles. That’s where rain gardens come to the rescue! A rain garden is a shallow depressed area of plantings in the landscape that collects stormwater runoff from roofs, driveways, sidewalk or streets and allows it to soak into the ground. Also known as bioretention cells, they are designed to mimic the natural way water flows over and absorbs into the land to reduce stormwater pollution. Planted with a variety of native perennials, shrubs and trees that are both water and drought tolerant, rain gardens can be a cost effective and beautiful way to reduce runoff from your property.

Why Rain Gardens Are Needed

As we develop our land and increase the amount of paved surfaces and buildings, the water cycle is changed. Conventional methods of land development collect and convey stormwater rapidly over land into a series of drains and pipes that flow directly into our lakes, rivers, and estuaries, an area where a freshwater river or stream meets the ocean, with little or no water quality treatment.

Stormwater is recognized nationally as the leading cause of water pollution today. The runoff can lead to increased flooding, erosion, pollution, and decreased groundwater recharge during dry periods. It can contain pollutants such as sediment, nutrients, bacteria, and chemicals that can threaten aquatic health and contribute to the loss of water dependent recreational activities.

One of the easiest and most cost-effective methods for recharging groundwater resources, decreasing the volume of stormwater runoff, and improving water quality is to install a rain garden. Rain gardens help to filtrate water on site and improve water quality by filtering out pollutants.

Benefits of Creating a Rain Garden

Rain gardens collect runoff from impervious surfaces and allow it to infiltrate into the ground. Designed to fill with a few inches of water from a storm, rain gardens slowly release runoff into the ground rather than allowing it to flow into the stormwater system. In addition to filtering out the pollutants in runoff, rain gardens provide habitat, food and shelter for butterflies and beneficial insects, songbirds and other local wildlife.

Planting a rain garden can improve water quality in your community by preventing sediment and chemicals from flowing into streams, rivers, and lakes. By filtrating stormwater, rain gardens can:

Keep oil and grease from paved areas from entering waterways
Filter pesticides and fertilizers from lawns
Protect rivers and streams from erosion
Recharge local groundwater resources

Establishing a Rain Garden

Installing a rain garden is as easy as planting a regular garden with the added benefits! However, it is important to properly plan your rain garden to maximize stormwater infiltration. Further detailed instructions can be found here from the Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Practices Manual – Rain Garden & Bioretention…

LOCATION - The rain garden should be located 10 feet from the house and away from septic tanks, wells or areas that remain wet. A flat site with plenty of sun works best.
SOILS - The soil of your rain garden should allow for proper filtration. If you are unsure of your soil, dig a hole 6 inches deep and fill it with water. If water remains after 24 hours, the site is not suitable for a rain garden.
SIZE - The rain garden should be able to retain and filtrate the first one inch of runoff from the area that drains to it.
DESIGN - A rain garden is just like any other garden that you might have in your yard. The only difference is that the plants must be able to handle both wet and dry conditions.
INSTALLATION - Dig the garden about eight inches deep, creating a flat basin where the water will collect. The extra soil can be used to create a berm to help retain the water.
MAINTENANCE - As with any garden, it is necessary to water the garden until it is established, weed, replace dead plants, and add mulch as needed.

Your Personal Contribution to Cleaner Water in Your Community

An individual rain garden may seem like a small thing, but collectively they produce substantial neighborhood and community environmental benefits by reducing the amount of pollution reaching creeks and streams by up to 30%. A rain garden is a beautiful landscape feature in your yard that captures and filters polluted runoff from your rooftop, driveway, and other impervious surfaces. Rain gardens protect your home from water damage and flooding, improve your lawn’s drainage, increase home value, create habitats for birds and butterflies, and do wonders for the environment. Click to contact the experts at BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS to discuss your Stormwater Management questions and concerns...

Weather & How It Affects Your Home

Thu, 02 Jun 2022 18:02:00 GMT

Extreme Weather Can Impact Your Buildings & Property

With today’s climate changes, we must get used to unpredictable weather patterns. Areas all over the country are suffering from unseasonable temperatures, flash floods, and many types of storms. While we can all do our part in helping the planet, we should also be mindful of how this severe weather can impact our properties. Take a look at how weather conditions take their toll on a home...

RAIN - Excessive rain can cause damage to a building envelope such as the roof, exterior walls, windows, and doors. This damage can lead to possible water infiltration into your home causing flooding basements and cracking foundations. Homeowners need to be concerned about the effects of rain on the inside, too. Driving rain can cause water to seep into the attic, creating structural issues. It can also cause mold and mildew to grow, impacting the health of the inhabitants and compromising the air quality.

WIND - High winds can cause two conditions - uplift and racking. Uplift develops when wind creates an area of lower pressure on the roof slope, walls, and inside the house. Racking occurs when high wind forces hit the house at different angles and pressures. The home’s framing will usually withstand these forces, but extreme winds can pull up and/or blow away roof shingles, flashing, siding and other exterior elements.

FLOODS - When flooding occurs, caused by a nor’easter, a hurricane, or periods of heavy rain, the force of the moving water can damage your home's foundation and walls. Even flood waters that don't rise above the surface can create pressure strong enough to damage a building's foundation. The forces can be great enough to lift concrete slab foundations and undermine footings for post-and-beam foundations.

COLD - The icicles that gather around many rooflines is a phenomenon caused by a loss of heat within the home. Heat rises to the higher portions of your roof and causes the snow to melt and as it drips onto the colder edges of the roof, it re-freezes. These icicles and ice dams can fill and block gutters, forcing precipitation to remain on the roof, leading to interior leaks.

SNOW - An average snowfall weighs about 1.25 pounds per inch, but wet snow has more water content, so it is heavier. A strong, properly installed roof can handle this load, but an older or damaged roof is more susceptible. Heavy snow and ice can possibly cause a weak roof to cave in. Even a few inches of snow can melt and cause water damage inside.

Structural Inspection Services & Building Envelope Consulting

The best way to ensure that your home stays safe from the threat of severe weather is to be proactive! Weather is unpredictable, but the longevity of your home is in your control. BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS offers professional building envelope inspection and structural inspection services to protect your home and save you time, money and worries in the future. Repairing your home can be a big expense, so invest in the home you love now to ensure that unpredictable weather patterns don’t take their toll. Click to contact us online or call 215-340-6990 and learn more today!

Basement Foundation Inspections & Repairs

Mon, 02 May 2022 20:46:00 GMT

Which Basement Foundation Repair Solution is Right for Me?

Stabilizing your settling home is one of the most important foundation repair decisions you can make. It may be tempting to apply cosmetic repairs, but these issues will only reappear because they may signal hidden foundation problems. At BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS , our team of professional engineers is here to help with the experience to diagnose and solve your basement foundation problems .

Signs of Foundation Settlement & Hydrostatic Movement

Discovering cracks in your home is often the first sign of settlement. On your home’s upper level, you may notice cracks or gaps around window and door frames, cracks in the drywall or plaster, or doors and windows that stick. In your basement look for vertical and stair-step cracks in the foundation wall. There are other types of cracks that may indicate issues with excessive hydros tatic pressure, like horizontal cracks through the mortar or the blocks themselves. Although these cracks may appear to be serious, the good news is that most foundation issues can be repaired.

Basement Foundation Repair Solutions

While some foundation repairs may not need the evaluation of a professional licensed engineer, just keep in mind before you call a foundation repair company, you should have some knowledge before signing a contract with them. Depending on the type of repair, vertical or horizontal movement will typically require the following proven solutions:

Concrete Reinforcement - Inserting strategically spaced steel rebar into the cavities of the concrete block, will help stabilize bowed basement walls.
Wall Anchors - This type of repair is used to stabilize bowed walls that are tipping at the top and pushing in at the bottom. They can be installed with the anchors located outside in the ground connecting tie-rods through the block walls and attached with plates.
Pressurized Sealants – For poured concrete walls, epoxy or urethane sealants can be used to stop cracks from continuing and to stop water from penetrating through them.
Foundation Underpinning or Foundation Piers – To solve excessive settling conditions, underpinnings (steel shaft helical piers with straight or spiral blades) are driven deep underground down to load-bearing soil.

AFTER

BEFORE

At BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS, our goal is to inspect and diagnose your home with precision so that you can get the solution you need. Since many types of foundation issues spur from the same root causes, it’s wise to keep an eye not only on your basement foundation, but your outdoor concrete, gutters, attic, roof. Having a structural engineer from BUSTAMANTE inspect your whole home can help target the root cause of the home’s issues and stop it at the source.

Don’t let the cracks in your basement foundation walls turn into a catastrophe! BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS can inspect and make recommendations for foundation repairs in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware, restoring both structural integrity and property value. Call 215-340-6990 or click to contact us and learn more about our professional foundation inspections and repair solutions.

Your Basement Foundation Inspection & Repair Experts

Structural Inspections of Condo Buildings Following Champlain Tower Collapse

Fri, 11 Feb 2022 20:38:00 GMT

Tragedy Sparks New Loan Requirements for Condo & Co-Op Buildings

In the early morning hours of June 24, 2021, the condominium building known as Champlain Towers South suffered a partial collapse, resulting in nearly 100 deaths and multiple injuries. The 12-story building was situated on the beach in the outer suburbs of Miami and was built in the early 1980’s. While the exact cause of the collapse is still under investigation, it is thought that water intrusion combined with corrosion of the rebar in the concrete led to weakened concrete structural members, which ultimately buckled under the weight they were originally designed to support.

When buildings begin to age, issues can become structural in nature. We have seen water intrusion leading to sheathing and stucco replacement, façade replacement on historic Philadelphia buildings, or even lintel replacements from lack of flashing. All of these projects equal big money.

Temporary Condominium & Cooperative Project Review Requirements

Following this structural failure, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have implemented more restrictive lending requirements for condominium or cooperative buildings containing five or more attached units. First of all it should be noted that as of now, these requirements are only temporary and do not apply to standard maintenance which the HOA regularly undertakes on a building.

If a condo or co-op building has significant deferred maintenance or has received a citation from a regulatory authority about unsafe conditions, the unit will not be eligible for purchase with a Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac backed loan. Further, Fannie & Freddie will be asking lenders about the buildings reserve fund, cash flow into the reserve fund, special assessments (both present and past,) and possibly even HOA meeting minutes. Yikes!

NEW Condominium Project Questionnaire Addendum

Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae have developed an addendum to the Condominium Project Questionnaire Form (476). This new addendum - Temporary Condominium & Cooperative Project Requirements (476A) - will include detailed questions intended to ascertain information on whether a project complies with the temporary requirements.

As the costs for repair can steadily increase, it may get to the point where the HOA board no longer feels the community can afford the repairs and will delay the proposed fix. This “putting off” of necessary structural work is considered deferred maintenance. The work will eventually need to be completed but the question is when and how long can the HOA board wait until safety becomes an issue? While we believe in proactive maintenance on a building, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have created temporary requirements that appear to be aimed at boards who are delaying the inevitable building repairs.

Effective Dates of Temporary Requirements *

FANNIE MAE EFFECTIVE DATE: These requirements are effective for whole loans purchased on or after January 1, 2022 and for loans delivered with issue dates on or after January 1, 2022 and will remain in effect until further notice.

FREDDIE MAC EFFECTIVE DATE: All temporary project requirement changes will be in effect for mortgages with settlement dates on or after February 28, 2022 and will remain in place until further notice.

PLEASE TAKE NOTE: The new Condominium Project Questionnaire Addendum includes questions regarding building safety, soundness, structural integrity, habitability, and financial soundness. If these points CANNOT be answered or are under scrutiny by the local regulatory agency, your community will be REQUIRED to have a licensed engineer assess the condition of the building.

Does Your Building Have Structural Concerns?

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS Certified Building Inspectors

Events like extreme weather, recurring water intrusion and soil erosion or subsidence can affect your property, both inside and out. Structural Inspection Services by BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS, INC allows the owner to take advantage of our expertise by permitting us to inspect and evaluate the structural conditions that are of concern to you. Our easy-to-read reports provide sufficient detail to identify a concern and provide the knowledge to remedy it. As long-time members of the National Academy of Building Inspection Engineers (NABIE) , you can be confident that our engineers will provide the highest standards in the building inspection industry.

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS CAI Certified Reserve Specialists

The Condominium Project Questionnaire Addendum also inquiries about the state of the community’s reserve fund and timing of the previous Capital Reserve Fund Study . While the questionnaire asks if a study has been performed in the past 3 years, we suggest having your Reserve Fund Study updated within 4-5 years depending on the size of the community, age, and amount of infrastructure. Again, BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS, INC. can assist your community with a reserve fund study by our CAI certified Reserve Specialists .

Don’t Delay - Schedule an Inspection Right Away!

Take advantage of our expertise by allowing BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS, INC. to inspect and evaluate the structural conditions that are of concern. With expert knowledge and effective communication, we have been fulfilling the structural engineering needs of homeowners, sellers, buyers, attorneys, and other real estate professionals for over 20 years. Click to contact us and schedule a building inspection or call us today at 215-340-6990!

*If the project does not meet the project eligibility requirements on the note date, the seller may deliver the loan at the time the project complies with all the requirements. If the loan is not delivered within 120 days after the note date, the seller must update the review and determination of the project eligibility.

Your Capital Reserves: Fully Funded or Flat Broke?

Thu, 06 Jan 2022 20:30:00 GMT

What You Need to Know About Your Homeowners’ Association Capital Reserve Fund

What Is a Capital Reserve Fund?

A capital reserve fund is a pool of money which the Homeowners’ Association (HOA) sets aside - much like a savings account - for covering repair or replacement of the Association’s common area components.

What Makes HOA Reserve Funds So Important?

INFRASTRUCTURE MAINTENANCE - In communities that have a Homeowner’s Association , the HOA is responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of the common areas inside the community. Within these common areas are the common area components, also known as the infrastructure for which the Association is responsible. It is the due diligence of the HOA to keep the common elements from falling into disrepair, looking shabby or having an appearance that threatens property values or resident’s safety.
DEPENDABLE LIFESTYLE CONDITIONS - This means handling day-to-day operations, but it also means being prepared for future large scale project expenses or urgent projects that may arise. For example, the HOA must be prepared for the financial burden when a storm damages the clubhouse roof causing a leak or the pump blows out on the community pool, while simultaneously planning for replacement of the roadways, sidewalks, and siding. These and similar issues can diminish the quality of life for the entire community, and residents will expect these problems to be fixed right away.
MAJOR IMPROVEMENT OPTIONS - Capital improvements help keep a community looking fresh and prevent deterioration. The funds can be used to make major upgrades or enhancement to common areas that benefit everyone who lives in the community. These types of projects tend to be more costly, so by having reserve funds in place, the Homeowners’ Association can handle these projects without the need for a special assessment or by incurring debt and large loan payments.

How Much Should We Have In Our Reserve Fund?

That depends - the balance of money in the reserve fund account will depend on the amount of infrastructure, the condition of the capital components, and the age of these items. This is where a Reserve Fund Study can help the Association. This all sounds a bit overwhelming and raises the question...

Simply put, a Comprehensive Capital Reserve Fund Study is a plan that helps make all of these questions a lot less overwhelming. This study will provide a better grasp of how much money will be needed in the reserve account by assessing the physical condition of the common area components and pricing out replacements with current construction costs. It should be combined with a financial assessment, providing some insight into the current fiscal health and the stability of the reserve funds. Based on these two pieces of information - the condition assessment and the financial analysis - a monthly budget can be created to pay for future replacement projects.

Why Do I Need a Capital Reserve Fund Study?

A reserve study conducted by our CAI Reserve Specialist evaluates the condition of the common area components and provides a plan of replacement. Our commitment is ongoing from the early planning stages through maintenance and into future replacements. Our expertise in Community Associations meets the standards of the Community Association Institute (CAI).

Every proactive Homeowners’ Association should have a properly funded reserve account to provide funding for replacement of their infrastructure. Unfortunately, many communities have an underfunded reserve balance and no plan to cover future repair costs. Click to contact us online or call 215-340-6990 and let’s discuss how our Capital Reserve Fund Study services may be of assistance to you today!

All The Community Association Engineering Services You Need, All in One Place

A Comprehensive Reserve Fund Study from BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS will provide not only a thorough review of the common area components but also an easy-to-read narrative report along with the reserve fund analysis. We appreciate the subtleties of Associations and recognize the importance of personal contact and local knowledge.
With an Update Study , the previous reserve study will be revised to reflect the current balance of the reserve fund and current condition of the common area components. New funding options may need to be provided based on the current day status.

Rely on the Professionals from BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS

Important Factors You Should Know Before Purchasing a Condo Unit

Wed, 17 Nov 2021 22:17:00 GMT

Buyers Should Perform Proper Due Diligence

Viewed by some as a stepping stone towards home ownership, condominiums are a less expensive, more viable option for many first-time home buyers than single-family properties for a variety of reasons. Benefits such as lower down payments, and shared maintenance fees add up to significant savings. Additionally, a lifestyle driven by convenient, enjoyable amenities offered by condominiums furthers their appeal. For example, on-site swimming pools, gyms and recreational offerings are covered by Condominium Association (COA) fees, whereas these perks rarely come with the purchase of a house.

Items to Investigate Before Closing on a Condominium

While it is easy to get caught up in the superficial frills of a building, we encourage buyers to do their due diligence prior to putting money down on a condominium. And we always suggest a home inspection is conducted before the purchase is complete.

Check the Financials of the COA - Condominium Associations are an integral part of community properties - they function to ensure that the property is maintained. COA’s have the authority to collect dues as well as make assessments. COA finances are open to prospective buyers and the information accessible includes dues, yearly balance, annual revenue, reserve funds, and pending lawsuits. Protect yourself by thoroughly reviewing these documents.
Make Sure the Building is NOT in Litigation - While lawsuits do not automatically mean you should look elsewhere, they are something to take very seriously. Litigation for builder defects and structural issues are very common. Litigation in the community can also equate to poor management and/or volatile neighbors. Discuss the situation with an attorney and remember a condo in litigation may scare away lenders, limiting financing or refinancing options.
Check the Conditions, Covenants & Restrictions - The CCRs the rules and regulations created by the COA that govern residential life in the community. These rules outline the acceptable norms and standards for occupants in common areas, hallways, and exterior facilities. Read and understand the CCRs before making a purchase. It is important to know whether you can abide by the established community guidelines because non-compliance could mean you could be fined, forced to comply, or even sued.
Make Sure the COA Dues Adequately Fund the Reserve Study - A reserve study is a statistical analysis that predicts and prepares for the costs associated with building expenses and common area replacement and repair, over a specific amount of time. This type of study looks at the physical state of the property and then conducts a financial analysis. Make sure that your COA dues are funding the reserve study at least 50% of the projected need or you may be in for a big increase of COA dues in the future. An underfunded reserve fund can also lead to large special assessments when capital components fail.
Inspect the Grounds In-Person - Just because the common areas look nice does not mean everything else does. Inspect the community by walking around the property looking for signs of recent leakage, staining, clogs, pests, and other issues.

Thinking About Buying a Condo?

Purchasing a condominium is a great way to become a homeowner at a lower price point than a single-family house. Condos can provide a convenient, low maintenance lifestyle, while simultaneously allowing for long-term financial stability that is elusive to renters. The bottom line is that condominiums can be a good investment for the right buyer in the right location.

YOUR COMMUNITY IS OUR BUSINESS

For over 20 years, BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS Designated Reserve Specialists have provided many kinds of services to condo communities. We specialize in working with existing buildings and owners on issues ranging from problem solving to maintenance planning. Our expertise in Community Associations meets the National Reserve Study Standards of the Community Association Institute (CAI) and the Common Interest Realty Guide of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

Property Condition Inspection After Storm Damage

Mon, 04 Oct 2021 19:12:00 GMT

How a Structural Engineer Can Assess Wind, Water, & Snow Damage After a Storm

Heavy rain, lightning and thunder, strong winds, violent hailstorms, and ice storms usually instill fear and awe in the hearts of all who witness their great power. In the wake of Hurricane IDA on September 1, 2021 which included tornados in the Delaware Valley area, BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS has been assisting homeowners with Residential Structural Inspections to support their insurance claims so they can get back to normalcy.

A storm, however, is typically forgotten as soon as it passes and people give it no second thought, completely unaware that their property might have been damaged during the adverse weather conditions. Unrecognized storm damage, however, could eventually compromise the integrity of the home and cause all kinds of problems that will affect both the usability and value of the property.

Property Damage Inspection

It is of paramount importance to take quick and adequate precautionary measures in the event of recent storm activity. To prevent leaks, mold, and structural damage to your home, you need to identify any potential problems as soon as possible, make emergency repairs and plan for complete storm damage restoration, if necessary. Your homeowner’s insurance will typically cover most of the repair costs, but your claim will only be approved if you have filed it within the determined time limit.

Storm damage assessment is a process that follows any major storm event. Homes and other structures along the East Coast damaged by recent storms may require a structural inspection to file or resolve an insurance claim. A Certified Building Inspection Engineer from BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS can help determine the cause of the damage for insurance companies, adjusters, and homeowners.

We Can Assess If Damages Were the Result of:

High Winds
Wind-Driven Rain
Flooding
Snow Accumulation
Improper Construction or Design

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS conducts structural damage assessments and can provide the documentation insurance companies need to process claims from storms. As a structural engineering firm , we’ve spent many years working throughout the Delaware Valley, and we have seen storm damage of all types. We can identify structural damage causes and deliver a written assessment of our findings. In the event of litigation, we can provide expert witness testimony. Our structural engineers can also determine if the level of wind, water and/or snow damage is repairable or if the entire structure is a loss.

Inspecting Your Home for Storm Damage

If you find any signs of storm damage on your property or suspect a problem, have your home inspected by a licensed engineer right away and obtain a professional assessment of the damage. It is also important to take pictures and videos of the damage as evidence for your insurance claim. Contact your insurance agent to discuss your best course of action. BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS is here to provide the analysis of the damage claims to determine the root cause of the problem. This evaluation can aid insurance adjusters and homeowners in the determination of coverage. If you need structural assessments for damage resulting from a hurricane, tropical storm, tornado, blizzard, flood, or other extreme weather event, please click to contact us online or call 215-340-6990 today for a consultation.

Why Hire a Building Envelope Consultant?

Mon, 09 Aug 2021 19:10:00 GMT

An Important Resource to Preserve Building Performance

Hiring a qualified building envelope consultant offers reasonable certainty against problems and pitfalls developing before, during, or after construction. The building envelope is a physical separator between the unconditioned and conditioned environment that includes resistance to heat, air, light, water, and noise transfer. This is accomplished for comfortable and trouble-free living. The building envelope has three basic components: air barrier, weather barrier, heat or thermal barrier. In addition, the term building envelope can also incorporate appearance, structure, safety from fire and security.

What is a Building Envelope Consultant?

Simply put, a building envelope consultant focuses on solving or preventing performance problems associated with the enclosures of buildings. The specialists at BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS provide expert analysis of commercial, industrial, and residential structures primarily for owners and facility managers. We provide expert professional assistance by offering clear and accurate structural inspection services and specialize in the structural design of all elements of the building envelope which includes the following and their component parts:

Roofs
Exterior Walls
Balconies
Foundations
Basements
At-Grade & Below-Grade Slabs

Benefits Of Hiring a Building Envelope Consultant

Expert Services – BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS are experts in building envelope design and inspection of commercial, industrial, and residential structures as well as threshold inspections and structural design.

Understand Your Needs – Our experienced consultants will identify the specific problems and provide the best solutions for your situation as a general contractor, architect, property manager, homeowner, or facility manager.

Periodic Maintenance & Inspections - Regular maintenance inspection of the building envelope can be provided by experienced professionals to prevent any problems from developing which will support building performance and extend its lifetime.

Cost Effective Services – Certain building materials provide different water resistant, and maintenance and upkeep results so our experience with numerous products can be tapped in before the design phase.

Depositions & Witness Testimony – We can provide litigation support involving building envelope issues.

Preserve Building Performance with Building Envelope Consultant Services

A qualified building envelope consultant provides their knowledge, experience, and understanding, as well as proper design and construction practices as related to the envelope systems. This is valuable information for any general contractor, architect, property manager, homeowner, and facility manager and can result in savings related to building performance throughout the life of the structure. Click to contact us online or call 215-340-6990 today and minimize the potential for unpleasant surprises in the future!

Historic Barns of Bucks County

Fri, 11 Jun 2021 17:15:00 GMT

Preserve the Treasures of Our Cultural Heritage

Barns are the story of America. From the pioneer era to the heartland of modern rural America, barns have stood witness to our tale. The barn is one of the most familiar features of the American rural landscape. Functionally, a barn is a farm building for processing and storing agricultural products, animals, tools, and equipment, etc., but there is an emotional connection to barns that transcends their function. By representing tangible links to our past, barns serve as icons of our heritage.

Barns possess fundamental value that makes their preservation essential to the tapestry of a community. We are fortunate that barns are recognized as an important part of the heritage of Bucks County. But unfortunately, many of our historic buildings are still threatened with extinction. If not cared for, these cultural sites will be destroyed through neglect or overwhelmed by development. Generating a connection to barns and the history that they represent will lead to an appreciation, which will in turn ensure that our history stays on the land and is not confined to museums.

Castles in the Fields

Bucks County’s history and heritage is deeply rooted in its landscape, and we are fortunate to have much of it still intact. We recommend this self-guided driving barn tour of Bucks County, courtesy of the Heritage Conservancy , which will help you to explore our truly unique countryside while learning about its history along the way. Learning about and recognizing the beauty of barns will inspire you to help protect them. Jeff Marshall of the Conservancy has written books and articles on barns and their preservation. Please enjoy discovering the story of Bucks County through these iconic structures. Barn Voyage! Barn Tour of Upper Bucks County… Barn Voyage! Barn Tour of Central Bucks County...

Types Of Barns Native to Bucks County

As you drive down the picturesque back roads of Bucks County, take notice of the beauty around you. You might notice that most of the barns you will see were constructed mainly of stone with some timber. The standard Pennsylvania barn is a blend of English and German barn-building traditions. Generally, they were built into a hillside as two-level structures in order to reach the upper level. Otherwise, a ramp or bank was constructed to reach the upper level. This process resulted in the adoption of the term “Pennsylvania Bank Barn.” Unlike the German barn, many barns in Central Bucks County have a closed forebay, which is a recessed stable wall under the barn superstructure rather than a projecting upper level over the barnyard.

Historic Preservation Consulting Services

Whether they are still being used on working farms or adaptively reused as houses or offices, barns remain relevant fixtures and guardians of the history of our county and country. Preserving structures is preserving time, acknowledging the history of the past, and remembering of how difficult it was for construction without modern day equipment. Encapsulating time not only allows remembrance but also allows future generations to acknowledge what the past presented and the skills it took to construct.

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS will listen to your concerns and evaluate the structural condition , diagnose, and offer, in most instances, a few restoration choices. We support you in your historic preservation from the first phone call through the rehabilitation, and also offer on-site monitoring services if necessary. If you have concerns with your historic building or are looking to make improvements, please click to contact us or call 215-340-6990 and let’s discuss how we may be of service to you.

Why Foundations Fail & How to Repair Them - Part 2

Fri, 23 Apr 2021 20:07:00 GMT

Foundation Failures in Residential Homes

Foundation issues can occur for several different reasons. Some amount of settlement can be expected in most homes provided it is within limits. Settling is not linear but often occurs early after the foundation is constructed. When homes experience excessive settlement, certain procedures must be used to stabilize it. BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS has built an outstanding reputation over the last 25 years of providing reliable structural engineering and inspection services .

Common Signs of Foundation Failure

The inward movement of a basement wall is a possible indication of excessive pressure. Cracking can occur when the pressure exceeds the tensile strength of the concrete or block wall. Whatever has caused your residential foundation problem, settling or inward pressure, it is vital to have the entire structure inspected by knowledgeable professionals. Our engineers carefully investigate the foundation issues impacting your home or building and if needed, provide cost-effective repair program. LEARN MORE ABOUT COMMON SIGNS of FOUNDATION FAILURE…

Residential Foundation Repair Solutions

Foundation problems can threaten that investment by causing serious structural damage that reduces a home’s value. If you wait too long, foundation problems can turn into foundation failure. The good news is that all types of foundation issues can be repaired. For residential foundation repairs, products such as rod & grout (steel reinforcement) and for lessor damage carbon fiber straps are used. Wall anchors or buttressing are other type of repairs, but each option has to be evaluated.

Relieve Exterior Hydrostatic Pressure

It is important to note that inward movement and cracks in your foundation are often a sign of external hydrostatic pressure that will not be relieved by structural repair only. Often sump pumps with interior perforated piping are used to relieve pressure in combination of the repair. Making sure gutter downspouts are properly managed along with positive grading around the foundation will relieve the pressure.

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS Can Help with the Uncertainty of Foundation Issues

For many of us, our home is the largest, most important investment we will make. An inspection with a professional structural engineers from BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS will provide an assessment of your foundation problem, explanation as to why the problem has happened, and suggestions of how to repair the issue. This will save you time and money in the long run by fixing your foundation correctly the first time! Click to contact us or call 215-340-6990 to schedule a structural inspection.

Foundation Failures In Residential Homes - Part 1

Mon, 22 Mar 2021 20:10:00 GMT

Why Foundations Fail & How to Protect Them

When you invest in a home, you want to make sure that it remains structurally sound for many years to come. That is why it is important to look for signs that there may be foundation problems. Foundation issues can happen for many different reasons. Whatever has caused your residential foundation problem, it is vital to have the entire structure inspected by knowledgeable professionals . Because foundation problems can affect the entire home, the sooner they are properly diagnosed, the better.

Causes of Foundations Failure

Many foundation problems are caused by the movement of the soil surrounding and beneath a home. Throughout the year, the soil expands and contracts from changes in the moisture content and temperature levels. When this occurs, the foundation of your home could possibly shift and move as well. Foundations fail when there is too much water or not enough. Some sections of the soil can become much drier or wetter than other parts. These inconsistencies can cause excessive stress on your home’s foundation. These variations in the soil generally result from:

Excess Hydrostatic Pressure: Inadequate drainage on the exterior and interior of your foundation can cause excess moisture to build up in the soil around the foundation. This pressure may bring about soil heaving which pushes against the foundation walls, causing them to bow or lean inward. This problem can be caused by natural water runoff, extreme weather conditions or leaky plumbing or sewer pipes.
Transpiration & Subsidence: The soil dehydrates because large tree roots (or severe drought conditions) pull the moisture out of the soil. This loss of moisture causes subsidence where the soil shrinks and drops down. As it shrinks, there is a loss of support under the foundation which can lead to shifting and cracks.

Common Signs of Foundation Failure

The inward bowing of a basement wall is one indication of pressure. If bowing becomes severe, these walls can collapse inward. Cracking can occur when the pressure exceeds the strength of the concrete or block wall. With block walls, the cracks move along the mortar joints in a stair-step pattern. Often these cracks end at a long horizontal fracture that parallels the basement floor.

Foundation problems come in more forms than wall cracks and can also show up around the entirety of your home. If you are experiencing any of the foundation issues listed below, contact us right away to schedule our structural inspection and engineering design services :

Foundation Settlement, Sinking & Crumbling, Chipping
Basement Wall Cracks or Bowing
Floor Cracks or Sloping Floors
Wall Cracks, Gaps & Spaces
Ceiling Cracks & Sags
Stairs & Stoop Cracks or Tilting
Brick & Masonry Mortar Problems

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS Can Help with the Uncertainty of Foundation Failure

An inspection with a structural engineer from BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS will provide an assessment of your foundation problem, explanation as to why the problem has happened, and suggestions of how to fix the issue. This will save you time and money in the long run by fixing your foundation correctly the first time. LEARN MORE ABOUT FOUNDATION REPAIR SOLUTIONS...

For many of us, our home is the largest, most important investment we will make. Foundation problems can threaten that investment by causing serious structural damage that reduces a home’s value. If you wait too long, foundation problems can turn into foundation failure! Take advantage of our expertise by allowing us to inspect and evaluate the structural conditions that are of concern. Click to contact us or call 215-340-6990 to schedule a structural inspection right away.

Hiring an Engineer for Construction Oversight Services

Tue, 02 Feb 2021 21:50:00 GMT

To ensure that the best-laid plans become the best-constructed projects, qualified engineering professionals are often asked to provide oversight on construction projects. They verify for the client that a project is being completed as planned. Clients are best served by having a construction oversight project manager that is independent from the contractor and retained directly by the client to ensure their best interests. Our staff of experts can provide comprehensive construction monitoring services to deliver a project that meets specifications, is more cost effective and solves problems before they impact the project.

Don't Let a Small Defect Cause Big Problems

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS has extensive knowledge and experience in many industries such as paving and roofing. Our team understands the potential issues, expected outcomes, and the means and methods available for successful project oversight. We work directly with the association to prepare plans and specifications, assist in selecting the contractor that is right for your project, and provide oversight during construction.

Benefits of Hiring BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS for Construction Oversight Services:

On-Site Management - Property Managers and homeowners are not engineers. We take the burden from them and provide project advocacy by representing their interests throughout the process.
Contract Conformance – We will observe the site to determine if the work is being completed in a manner consistent with the requirements of the project-related documents, such as the contract, specifications, and payment requests.
Quality Assurance & Control – The project manager reports on the overall quality of the project and oversees the status of progress and costs to complete the project.
Problem Identification - While onsite, the technician can establish a punch list of incomplete and/or deficient items.
Approval of Payments – We ensure that the work is completed to specifications before authorizing progress payments or releasing the retainage.

Your Construction Project Completed Properly and On Schedule

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS is well qualified to provide these construction oversight services for our clients. Our team provides a full range of services necessary to ensure that our clients’ needs are met, and contractors meet the terms of the contract. We can identify deficiencies by observing the construction, monitoring the progress, and documenting the contractor’s activities. To help minimize the potential for issues in the future, click to contact us online or call 215-340-6990 today!

When Do I Need A Structural Inspection?

Mon, 14 Dec 2020 21:34:00 GMT

Reasons to Hire A Structural Engineer

A structural inspection is typically a visual inspection performed by a structural engineer to confirm the structural soundness of a home or building’s load bearing components such as the foundation, joists, beams, trusses, or columns/posts. It is performed when a property owner has questions about the structural integrity of a building or structure. This could entail an analysis of the whole structure or an examination of one specific component of the building.

Your home’s structure is not something to take for granted. If you or your home inspector suspects an issue, hire a structural engineer to look into the problem. BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS will provide you with a written report with photos depicting findings, and a scope of work that a contractor can use to complete the repair/correction work. If necessary, we can also provide a design for repairs.

When A Structural Engineer Can Help

There are several situations where you may want to have a structural inspection performed to ensure that the bones of your house are solid:

Buying a Home: If you are buying a home, you probably want to have a general home inspection performed to get a complete view of the home’s condition. If the inspector discovers an issue with any of the load bearing components, they will recommend a structural inspection for further investigation. Some other common problems that require a structural engineer are foundation cracks (horizontal, vertical and step cracks), temporary columns in the basement, water intrusion, sloping floors, bowing walls, and settlement concerns. If serious issues are found, you can choose to walk away from the purchase or negotiate the price to accommodate for repairs.
Structural Movement, Ceiling or Wall Cracks: A properly built home should not exhibit any settlement beyond a few small cracks. With that being said, very old homes may have sloping floors and some ceiling or wall settlement cracks simply because structural components were not designed for deflection the way they are today. If there is any concern, it is better to get answers sooner rather than later.
When Structural Movement is a Concern:
- If you are living in a brand-new home experiencing settlement.
- If you are living in a home older than 10 years old showing recent signs of settlement.
- If you recently completed a remodel or installed additional weight and are noticing settlement.
Foundation, Bowing Walls, Cracks, Upheaval or Sinking: Small cracks are typically not an issue when it comes to foundations. However, if you are seeing horizontal, vertical or step cracks ¼” or larger in size, bowing foundation walls, or movement of any kind, you should have a structural inspection performed to analyze the condition.
Storm Damage: If you believe you have storm damage, you might consider getting an evaluation from a structural engineer. A report from BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS stating that storm damage is present will determine whether or not your home or building’s structural integrity is compromised.
Drainage Issues on a Property: Drainage issues can wreak havoc on a home’s foundation, cause expensive interior and exterior damage, and create ponding water that can lead to icy conditions. A structural inspection may help you pinpoint where the issues originated and how to implement proper mitigation that will preserve your home’s integrity.
Heat Loss Issues Resulting in Ice Dams: Heat loss can cause a variety of issues in the home such as ice dams and high energy bills. A structural inspection can help to determine where the heat loss is occurring and the best way to permanently fix the problem.

We Are Your Structural Engineering Inspection Experts

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS structural inspections allow the property owner to take advantage of our expertise by allowing us to inspect and evaluate the structural conditions that are of concern. We approach each and every situation in a manner that brings forth many decades of structural engineering experience to assist the homeowner and resolve their issues. Click to contact us online or call 215-340-6990 today and minimize the potential for unpleasant surprises in the future!

What You Should Know About Building Façade Inspection

Mon, 26 Oct 2020 20:06:00 GMT

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS facade engineering services put focus on the entire building envelope - the largest, most important factor in the technical performance and overall aesthetic of any structure. We perform detailed façade inspection, investigation and remediation design services. With a knowledge of structural engineering principles, our team can provide comprehensive support throughout the project. From the initial structural inspection to building envelope engineering consulting to project design and final punch-list inspection, our experienced engineers provide client-focused solutions for projects of every size, scope, material and complexity.

Built on a foundation of construction knowledge and structural expertise, BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS uniquely understand the interdependence of envelope elements throughout the lifespan of multi-family and commercial buildings. The ability to solve complex challenges from all angles helps our team provide high quality design and installation solutions by utilizing state of the art material research, specialty analysis, design aesthetic and client specifications. This custom approach helps our facade and building envelope engineers to best maximize energy efficiency, enhance architectural vision, strengthen security and progress constructability.

Facade Ordinance Inspections

The Building Facade Inspection Safety Program is mandated by many cities in the United States to proactively identify unsafe conditions that may present a risk of causing injury or damaging property. In the City of Philadelphia, buildings of 6 or more stories or with any appurtenance over 60 feet tall must be inspected by a registered engineer every 5 years ( PM-304.10 - Periodic Inspection of Exterior Walls and Appurtenances of Buildings ).

The team at BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS keeps current on the latest amendments to municipal codes, so you don’t have to. We have helped many building owners meet inspection, repair, and reporting requirements. And we offer advice on maintenance to perform before the building inspection, to avoid costly penalties and rush repairs.

Who Needs A Façade Inspection?

The answer is anyone that owns or is responsible for the maintenance of a building. Obviously, the complexity and level of the inspection would vary with the local ordinances, building complexity, building use, and the building’s environment. Without the façade inspection, it can be difficult to know if repairs are justified, when identified repairs need to be completed, and whether the repairs are critical or optional.

At BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS, our investigations go beyond the basics to evaluate why deterioration conditions exist, as well as what to do about them. Regular façade inspections help identify potential problems such as water infiltration and air leakage or deficient insulation causing heat loss for residents, and they keep people safe on the street below. Unsafe conditions may include loose bricks, cracked windows, leaning walls, or improperly secured air conditioners, as well as other conditions which may be dangerous.

Building Envelope Consultation Services

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS provide clients with accurate and creative structural engineering solutions . Our façade experts take into consideration the complexities associated with building movements, installation requirements, thermal and condensation performance, and installation sequencing to support superior building envelope performance, constructability, and resiliency. So, be sure to keep a close eye on your building’s façade and don’t miss the opportunity to detect the potential problems! If you have concerns with the façade of your building or are looking to comply with the Building Facade Inspection Safety Program, please click to contact us and let’s discuss how we may be of service to you.

Top 5 Structural Evaluation Issues & How to Deal with Them

Tue, 29 Sep 2020 20:44:00 GMT

Did you know that the age of the average home in Northeastern U.S. is 57 years old? As we continue to occupy aging houses, new structural problems will most likely arise. If a home inspector notices any structural issues when it comes to a home’s overall structural integrity, they will recommend a separate structural evaluation be performed by a structural engineer.

Most Common & Concerning Structural Problems Identified

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS will be able to advise you on the type of contractor you should hire to do the job, which can be confusing as some of the root causes of these issues can fall under different categories. A proper structural inspection will indicate where the damage is, the probable causes, and provide you with a written report.

Foundation Issues - A strong foundation proves essential to a stable structure. Our structural engineers have specialized knowledge in foundation design and can provide structurally sound solutions if complicated issues exist.
Floor Sloping Issues - Though a sloped floor might be something you think you can live with, some of the issues that can cause them can lead to other problems down the road. Foundation issues, deteriorating wood support sills, improperly installed joists or sub-floors, and other issues can all cause a floor to slope or sag.
Compromised Roof Components - When roofs are damaged or altered, this can affect the structural integrity of the roof system. Obvious roof problems include visible sagging, cut trusses, and lack of ventilation. Because trusses are engineered components, typical building codes specify that repairs or alterations must be designed by a Licensed Professional Engineer .
Water Infiltration Issues - Our structural engineer will assess whether or not the weather, age, or water infiltration have compromised your home. This will help your repair contractor understand what needs to be done. We will also look for potential drainage issues.
Building Envelope Issues - Building envelope issues can quickly lead to costly property damage and safety issues. Problems such as foundation cracks or bowing walls can significantly damaged infrastructure and building envelope elements.

Don’t Ignore the Warning Signs

A cracked foundation or walls, sagging ceilings, windows and doors that stick or will not close properly could all be signs of trouble. You might also notice bowing or bulging walls on the outside of the structure. If we find indications of weakness beyond normal settling that could compromise the integrity of your home’s structure, we will identify the measures that need to take place to repair the damage. It is best to fix smaller issues today before they become big headaches tomorrow.

Interested in Our Structural Engineering Inspection Services?

Our structural inspections allow the homeowner to take advantage of our expertise by consenting to our inspection and evaluation of the structural conditions that are of concern. Our easy to read reports provide the necessary detail to identify a concern and provide the understanding of how to correct it. With expert knowledge and effective communication, BUSTAMANTE has been satisfying homeowners, sellers, buyers, attorneys and other real estate professionals for over 25 years.

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS is here to help! If you have received a residential home inspection report that indicates a potential problem or just have concerns with the underlying structure of your home and are looking to make improvements, please click to contact us and let’s discuss how we may be of value to you.

After a Home Inspection Report Indicates a Potential Problem

Why Hire a CAI Reserve Specialist for Your Capital Reserve Fund Study?

Mon, 10 Aug 2020 19:51:00 GMT

Community associations rely on qualified reserve specialists to assist them in extensive reserve planning to keep their communities running smoothly. A reserve study professional's goal is to give client association boards the tools to anticipate and prepare for the repair and replacement of their communities’ common elements. The National Reserve Study Standards provide a consistent set of terminology, calculations, and expectations so reserve study providers and those they serve together can build a successful future for millions of community association homeowners across the country.

Why You Should Hire Credentialed Professionals

A Community Association operates as a truly specialized type of organization. Board Members have fiduciary responsibilities which compel them to make decisions that can have profound financial and social impact on their neighborhood. One of the primary responsibilities of a community association is to protect, maintain, and enhance the assets of the association. To accomplish this objective, associations must develop a Capital Reserve Fund Study - a multi-year plan to help anticipate and responsibly prepare for timely repair and replacement of the community’s common elements. Receiving professional and accurate advice or guidance on important issues can make the difference between prosperity and distress.

Reserve Specialist Designation

Reserve Specialists Build Long-Term Relationships with Community Associations

Every proactive community association should have a properly funded reserve account to provide funding for replacement of their infrastructure. BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS principal engineer retains a Reserve Specialist designation from the CAI. With every project, whether small or large, old or new, a licensed engineer will be in charge of the capital reserve fund study. Each capital reserve fund study will include three phases: Physical Analysis, Reserve Analysis and Meeting Participation.

Interested in Reserve Fund Study Services? BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS is here to help!

Whether a 20-story high-rise building in the city or a 200-unit residential community in the suburbs, future financial preparation is an integral element in the life of the community. Capital improvements help keep a community looking fresh and prevent deterioration. BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS will work with your association to create a Reserve Fund Study that is tailored to the needs of your community and will continue to work with the association to answer questions years after the study has been completed. Click to contact us online to discuss our Capital Reserve Fund Study Services today!

Community Associations Institute (CAI) designations help ensure that study providers have the knowledge, experience, and integrity to provide the best possible service to your association. If your provider holds a CAI designation, he or she has made a substantial commitment and investment in their education and career, and your community's welfare. To help ensure that you have the expert guidance you need to manage your community's assets most effectively, look for professionals with the designations and certifications.

Are You Putting Your Most Valuable Assets in the Hands of the Most Qualified Professionals?

The Importance of Historic Building Preservation

Wed, 15 Jul 2020 21:25:00 GMT

Maintaining Historic Structures While Improving Safety & Function

History plays a central role in providing knowledge about culture, civilizations, beliefs, and religions. Historical buildings are often quite extraordinary and cement cultural heritage value. The importance of the structural maintenance of historic buildings is to value history over progress. They represent the past of a particular region and inform people about past construction and structural usage.

By their nature, historic buildings are constructed with archaic materials, and often with configurations not common in modern architecture. For many cities like Philadelphia, there are architectural or historical preservation districts and any change or alteration to a building must be reviewed by the Architectural Review Board. Review boards are out to protect the physical character of a building considering its historical past.

Our Goal is Simple

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS will work to preserve the historical character, while improving safety, performance and overall durability for its occupants. It all comes down to balancing the preservation of a building versus today's building codes and amenities and sometimes, obtaining approvals can be an arduous task. It is important to have structural engineering experts well-versed and experienced in the analysis and design of permitted improvements to these special systems.

Historic Preservation Engineering Services

By focusing on the specific physical characteristics and requirements of historic buildings, it is possible to provide reports, drawings, and specifications that give detailed guidance to designers, contractors, and owners on the aspects of work specific to such buildings. In addition to ordinary structural design and construction-phase administration, there are distinct but closely related services specific to historic preservation engineering:

Investigation - This includes on-site visual observation of the building’s existing structural condition and type, recommendations for destructive probing or non-destructive testing as appropriate, reports on findings including photographs and drawings as appropriate, and historic document research as required by unique conditions.

Existing Condition Analysis - includes structural analysis of the building as designed, as modified, or as damaged (whichever is appropriate) to check for life-safety problems, code-compliance, and expected longevity.

Feasibility Analysis - includes code review and schematic structural analysis of the building for proposed alterations and repairs.

Context Review - includes a description of the major structural and enclosure systems of the building, comparison of the building to similar buildings of its era, and a review of the known strengths and weaknesses of the identified type.

Design - includes analysis and design of new and altered building structure, analysis and design of repairs to historic materials, creation of drawings and specifications, and creation of sequencing and logistics recommendations for work that may be unfamiliar to contractors or where sequencing is crucial to structural stability during the work.

Construction Administration - includes reviewing submittals by contractors, reviewing unexpected conditions found during the work, coordination with the contractor and owner on phasing and logistics, and reviewing the effect of the work on historic materials to remain.

Historic buildings should be well-maintained, protected, and modernized for future generations because they have cultural significance and economic value. Structural engineering aspects and building codes govern the preservation and maintenance of these buildings.

BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS have years of experience in the analyses and design of upgrades for historic renovation projects that celebrate the historic appeal of these grand old buildings. We support you from the first phone call through the rehabilitation and also offer on-site monitoring services if necessary. If you have concerns with your historic building or are looking to make improvements, please click to contact us and let’s discuss how we may be of value to you.

Celebrating the Past, Building the Future

Why are Covered Bridges Covered?

Fri, 12 Jun 2020 16:05:00 GMT

Covered Bridge across North Branch-Neshaminy Creek on Butler Pike in Chalfont, PA

Bucks County is well-known for its history and an important part of that story is its collection of wooden covered bridges. Since 1806, Bucks County has had 51 wooden covered bridges at various times, according to records at the Bucks County Historical Society in Doylestown, PA. The bridges played an important role in connecting formerly disconnected communities, mills and farms to a growing 19th-century road and canal network that were vital to the regional pre-industrial economic backbone.

Red markers indicate Bucks County, PA covered bridges that still exist - Black markers show where bridges once stood.

Covered Bridges may appear simple, but in truth they hold the key to unlocking the mysteries of innovation in construction during the development of the profession of engineering in the United States. Underneath the housing of a covered bridge is a more complex story. By manipulating a basic form - the triangle - civil engineers and builders developed truss types suitable for different topographies, spans, and modes of transportation. Today covered bridges are considered historical landmarks, romantic structures resembling the past, but what was the purpose of covering these bridges?

How Did the Science of Bridge Engineering Develop?

As engineering schools began to spring up in 19th century United States, efforts to test loading capacity and patent designs were balanced with empirical evidence gained by a generation of master builders. Truss designers critiqued each other’s patents and tried to make improvements. Engineers and builders used scientific observation to determine effects such as deflection, changes in camber, wood shrinkage, and wear on connections to improve wooden truss design. Covered bridges are usually identified and classified by their truss construction.

What is a Covered Bridge?

What is a Covered Bridge? A covered bridge is a technical name for a specific kind of structure, not just any bridge with a roof. True covered bridges are defined by a timber truss (or frame) that distributes the weight of the load-bearing deck. The truss design determines how long a span it can have and how complex it is to build. This makes them different than simple timber beam bridges or other similar structures. Of course, to be a covered bridge, that timber truss must also be covered.

But Why Build a Bridge Out of Wood?

Low cost of building materials. Covered bridges date back to a time in the country when almost everything was made of wood because of its abundance. Working with wood, like any material, has its advantages and disadvantages. Timber is lighter than stone and cheaper than iron or steel, but still very strong. However, wood also deteriorates faster.

Why Is It Necessary to Cover a Bridge?

The fundamental structural purpose for covering a bridge is to shield the trusses and deck from the elements. Because wooden bridges with exposed superstructures are vulnerable to rot, covering and roofing the bridges protects the trusses from the weather, and so they last longer. Bridge engineers pointed out that uncovered wooden bridges have a 20-year lifespan, but if you covered a wooden bridge with a roof it could last upwards of 100 years.

Why Paint a Bridge Red Like a Barn?

Cost again - red paint is cheap. Before paints became common and affordable, farmers still needed a way to protect their barns. To solve this problem, they mixed together three things they had plenty of - skimmed milk, lime and rust (iron oxide). This mixture created a red, paint-like coating which protected the wood and helped keep the barn warmer in the winter. Therefore, covered bridges are typically painted red because it was less expensive.

Any Other Valid Reasons to Cover a Bridge?

Covering the trusses makes a big difference to wear and tear, but that's not the only reason why people covered their bridges. For one, the truss makes the entire structure much stronger, letting you build longer bridges. When you add the covering, it actually reinforces the truss, strengthening the bridge.

Misguided Explanations for the Covering of Bridges…

To sooth skittish animals. It was thought that the sight of rushing water or the height of the bridge would startle the horse/mule/farm animal, preventing it from traveling over the bridge - so they were built to resemble familiar barns.
To keep snow off the bridge.
To keep the oiled planks of the roadbed from becoming dangerously slippery in the rain.
To cover up unsightly trusses.
To provide shelter to travelers caught in a storm.
To provide a place to court your lady and secretly give her a kiss (thus the nickname Kissing Bridge).

Just How Rare Are Covered Bridges?

Of the more than 10,000 covered bridges that once existed throughout the country, nearly 700 still survive in 29 states. Pennsylvania has the most remaining covered bridges in the US, with 212 in 37 counties.

Even in their sometimes dilapidated or poorly restored condition, many of the remaining covered bridges are still in use on public roads today, reaffirming that these venerable structures are more than just quaint leftovers of the past. They are an integral part of our social, cultural, and engineering heritage that merits preservation.

Homeowners Guide to Selecting a Building Construction Contractor

Tue, 12 May 2020 19:14:00 GMT

Get Referrals

Start your list of potential contractors from referrals. Word-of-mouth rumblings are a great way to gain insights about your prospective construction company.
Ask your architect or designer for recommendations of potential contractors.
Decide on a list of criteria including experience, qualifications, referrals, cost, time, insurance, an active contractor’s license, payment schedules and attention to environmental factors.

Collect Information

QUOTES - Solicit at least three quotes from contractors qualified to do the job. Selecting the right contractor also relies on you providing adequate time and information for an accurate bid. A good contractor will give you accurate pricing and an honest timeframe right from the beginning.
REQUIREMENTS - You must also have a clear understanding of what will be included in the bid and all must be clearly mentioned in the contract. Ensure that you provide your potential contractor with detailed plans and include all tasks, from preparation to cleanup, that they need to perform to fulfill their obligations.
REFERENCES - Ask for 3-4 references including past clients, architects and subcontractors they have worked with, and the local legislature. Dig for information about them regarding the constructor’s competency, which you can confirm while the quote is prepared.
COMMUNICATION - Effective communication from the contractor to the client is essential. Many contractors work through their cell phone and only answer back after work hours. Although this may be OK for smaller contractors, you will be better off with contracting companies that have administration staff.
MUNICIPALITY - Ask the contractor if they worked in the municipality you reside in; not all building code officials are the same and some have their own criteria and procedures that are burdensome to the consumer.

Confirm the Details

LICENSING - Check with your state licensing agency that the contractor has an active license and that they have completed all the licensing requirements for the work you need done.
SAFETY - Check the safety procedures of the company. Safety is another prime concern and your construction team must have a proper OSHA safety plan in place.
INSURANCE - Check that the builder is covered with valid public liability and property damage insurance as well as worker’s compensation and that any subcontractors on the building site are also covered. Certificates of Insurance must be provided and the owner is the holder and additionally insured.
CREDIT CHECKS - Make sure the contractor has good credit so they don’t walk away with your money. A good and responsible contractor will have good credit.
COMPLAINTS - Check with the Better Business Bureau or other credible sources to see if any complaints have been lodged by previous clients.

Evaluate the Quotes

Allow two to three weeks for quotes to be compiled. Don’t be surprised if you get three quotes with disparate values. Although costs are a consideration, the lowest price may not be the best option. Discuss the details of each quote with the contractors to ensure that they have covered all the bases and that there will be no surprise hidden costs down the road because they were unaware of a particular task you wanted them to do. Consider the time frame and ask your contractor to outline their building plan and contingency strategies should delays occur. It’s also important to ask the contractor how long the quote is valid.

Make Your Decision

Finding the right construction firm can be a daunting task. By being diligent when selecting a construction company, you can avoid major arguments, hiccups and headaches later. Choose a company that fits your style and personality. Good contractors who are committed to their projects and clients remain transparent and provide the highest quality available, in terms of both experience and end results. Companies that have stood the test of time have the reputation of being honest, fair and upfront with their abilities, past experience and pricing.

Written Contracts Are Paramount

Not only should the contract include protections for the homeowner like indemnify clauses, it should also include provisions for payments based on progress. Any good contractor will ask for a deposit, but the deposit should be enough for contractor supplies and materials - nothing more. We suggest retaining a percentage until 30 days after substantial completion, which is when a “punch list” inspection takes place. Also include a minimum 1 year warranty provision, which will be agreeable to the contractor and obtain all manufacturers warranties. Lastly, keeping adequate records of change orders, signed by both parties, will keep things running smoothly. Use mediation or arbitration to settle disputes. Contact your attorney for additional safeguards.

Professional Structural Inspection & Defect Evaluation

For many reasons, the expectations of a homeowner may not meet the expectations of a builder. The critical path of constructing a new home often goes awry, so the delivered home may not be completed to your expectations. If you are building a new home, we can bring the eyes and expertise to inspect the structure of your project to insure that the property is being built per the plans. BUSTAMANTE ENGINEERS approaches each and every situation in a particular manner, bringing forth many decades of engineering experience to assist the homeowner and resolve their issues. Often our engineers find issues that would be covered up and only surface as larger construction defects in the future. Click to contact us or call 215-340-6990 to discuss your concerns and we will tailor a Structural Inspection to meet your needs!

Choosing the right contractor for your new home construction or remodel project is a crucial decision and requires careful thought. The challenge is finding a trustworthy construction firm who can accomplish the task within the given time, at an acceptable cost and with minimal trouble. Assume that there will be problems along the way and select a person whom you feel will work cooperatively with you to find the best solutions.

You need to consider a number of things before selecting or hiring a contractor. When you interview firms in your area, ensure that the construction team understands your requirements, the scope of the project, the architectural design specifications and that they will get the job done appropriately and well within your budget. This is often easier said than done. The following are a few tips to help you find the right construction firm for your building project: